POL 106- ISU Exam 3

What are the Civil War Amendments?

13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.

Which amendment is referred to as the FDR Amendment?

22nd amendment.

What was the first amendment to have a deadline?

20th amendment.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

African Americans, whether free or enslaved, could not be considered citizens and had no right to sue in federal court.

Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co.

Federal income tax is unconstitutional

Plessy v. Ferguson

'Separate but equal' doctrine allowed racial segregation.

Griswold v. Connecticut

The development of privacy rights, particularly in matters of family and reproductive decisions.

Brown v. Board of Education

Racial segregation in public schools.

Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections

The use of poll taxes in state elections.

Oregon v. Mitchell

18-year-olds could vote in federal elections, but states could set their own voting age for state elections.

13th Amendment

Abolition of slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States.

Citizenship Clause

Grants citizenship to anyone born or naturalized in the U.S., including former slaves.

Equal Protection Clause

Mandates that everyone must be treated equally under the law, prohibiting discrimination by state governments.

What are the three major categories of rights under the due process clause?

Procedural, Substantive, and Equal Protection rights.

What are the two enforcement issues under Section Five of the 14th Amendment?

What laws can Congress pass to enforce the 14th Amendment? How much power does Congress have compared to state power?

15th Amendment

Voting rights cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Eliminating racial discrimination in voting and ensuring all U.S. citizens can vote without facing obstacles.

16th Amendment

The power to levy and collect income taxes without apportioning them among the states.

What system does the U.S. use for income taxes today?

Progressive income tax system.

17th Amendment

Direct election of U.S. Senators by the people.

18th Amendment

The manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

What state was the deciding vote for ratification of the 19th Amendment?

Tennessee

20th Amendment

Shortening the time between the presidential election and inauguration.

21st Amendment

Repeals the 18th Amendment, ending Prohibition.

22nd Amendment

The number of terms a person can serve as President of the United States.

23rd Amendment

The right to vote in presidential elections.

24th Amendment

The use of poll taxes in federal elections.

What is the presidential succession process

Establishes procedures for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President and dealing with presidential incapacity.

26th Amendment

Lowering the voting age from 21 to 18 amid arguments over military draft eligibility.

27th Amendment

Congress from giving itself immediate pay raises.

Who wrote the 27th Amendment?

James Madison.

What does TED stand for?

The Empowerment Dynamic; Challenger, Coach, Creator.

Rule #1

It’s NOT SUPPOSED TO BE EASY.

What mindset avoids challenges due to fear of failure?

Fixed Mindset.

What mindset believes you can improve through effort?

Growth Mindset.

What does WIN stand for?

What’s Important Now.

What does Amor Fati mean?

'Love of fate'; encourages individuals to welcome challenges and setbacks as opportunities for growth.