DNA Regulation

Operons

Operons

________: groups of genes in prokaryotes that are controlled by a single promoter and operator.

Eukaryotes

________ can also regulate gene expression via the way DNA is wrapped around the histones.

Exons

________: coding regions of a gene that are transcribed into mRNA.

Introns

________: non- coding regions of a gene that are spliced out of the mRNA before translation.

Transformation

________: process by which a prokaryotic cell takes up foreign DNA from its environment.

Repressor

________: a protein that binds to an operator to prevent transcription.

expression

In prokaryotes, gene ________ is controlled by operons, which are groups of gene containing a single promoter and operator.

Transduction

________: the transfer of genetic material using a virus as a vector.

Activator

________ TF: a transcription factor that increases gene expression (binds to enhancer)

Operator

________: site in an operon where a repressor protein can bind to prevent transcription.

TF

Repressor ________: a transcription factor that decreases gene expression (binds to silencer)

Plasmids

________: small, circular pieces of DNA found in prokaryotic cells.

Capsid

________: the protein shell of a virus.

Histones

________: proteins that DNA wraps around in eukaryotes.

Control elements

________: regions of DNA that control gene expression.

Promoter

________: site where RNA polymerase can bind to begin transcription.

Prokaryotes

________: simple, single- celled organisms with no nucleus.

Prokaryotic DNA

________ is found in a single circular chromosome,

Lytic cycle

________: virus builds copies in cell and then bursts out.

Viral DNA

________ can take various forms, but is usually linear, and is housed in a protein shell called a capsid.

Eukaryotic DNA

________ is linear and found in the nucleus, wrapped around proteins called histones.

operator

The ________ is a site where a repressor can bind to prevent transcription.

promoter

The ________ is a site where RNA polymerase can bind to begin transcription.