Treatment Plannin

ABCDE- ALBERT ELLIS

• A – Activating Event → Something happens (the situation).

• B – Beliefs → What you think about the event (rational or irrational).

• C – Consequences → How you feel or act because of those beliefs.

• D – Disputation → Challenge the irrational beliefs (“Is this true? Is there another way to see it?”).

• E – Effect (or new belief) → Develop a new, rational belief → healthier feelings and behaviors.

Quick Example

• A: You fail a test.

• B: “I’m stupid; I’ll never succeed.”

• C: You feel depressed.

• D: You challenge that thought: “One test doesn’t define my intelligence.”

• E: You feel motivated to study differently next time.

CBT

Thoughts>Behavior> Emotions

Aaron Beck

Change thoughts > Change behavior'> Change emotions

Becks Depression Scale

Beck Anxiety Scale

Difference between REBT AND CBT

rebt is irrational belief system

CBT is faulty thinking 

DBT

started with borderline personality disorder

Induvial therapy

Mindfulness

Emotional Regulation

difference between intra and inter prefix

intra- looking at self

inter - between two 

Gestalt & Fritz Perl existentialism

Person center

2 chair one for patient to tell how they feel which is the other person ( the other chair) - empty chair

Here and now

unfinished business

holism

role play

Rogerian - Humanistic approach

Congruence

patient is in charge

Unconditional Positive Regard:

open ended questions

self actualization

Margert Mahler - object relation

focused on relationship

if we did not develop these relationship the kids can develop conduct disorder

conduct disorder - no regard, will hurt you, mean to animal, hit people - untreated can develop antisocial- serial killer, mass murders, etc

Margert Mahler - developmental - helping relationship

1 stage Normal Autistic Phase (0–1 month): The infant is primarily focused on internal stimuli and is unaware of the external world.

2nd stage Normal Symbiotic Phase (1–5 months): The infant begins to recognize the mother but still perceives themselves as part of a unified whole with her. (fusion stuck on mommy)

3 stage Separation-Individuation Phase (5–24 months): This phase is subdivided into:

• • Differentiation :(hatching) (5–10 months): The infant starts to distinguish themselves from the mother.

  • Practicing (10–16 months): The child explores the environment, gaining confidence and autonomy.

  • Rapprochement (16–24 months): The child seeks to balance independence with the need for the mother's presence.

  • Consolidation (24–36 months): The child achieves a stable sense of self and a more realistic perception of the mother Psychology Fanatic.

4. stage Object constancy is knowing that one caregiver is going to always be there

Existentialism

why do i exist.??

Meaning, existence, mortality, and freedom

Clarify life purpose, confront existential anxiety, find personal meaning

Glasser - Choice therapy/ reality therapy

responsible for ones need

focuses on behavior

need to survive etc

WDEP - REALITY THERAPY ACROYNM

• W (Wants): “I want to improve my relationship with my partner.”

• D (Doing): “I often ignore their calls when upset.”

• E (Evaluate): “Ignoring them creates more conflict instead of closeness.”

• P (Plan): “Next time, I’ll take a deep breath and call back calmly within an hour.”

Maslow Humanistic 

1. Physiological Needs – Basics to survive

   • Food, water, sleep, air, shelter

2. Safety Needs – Feeling secure

   • Safety, stability, protection, health

3. Love & Belonging – Connection with others

   • Family, friendships, intimacy, community

4. Esteem Needs – Feeling good about yourself

   • Confidence, respect, achievement, recognition

5. Self-Actualization – Becoming your best self

   • Personal growth, creativity, reaching potential

can go up and down the scale; not many people make it to the top number 5

1. Ann roe follower of Maslow- if you did not get what you need as a child that what you will chase unmet needs

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT):  Steve De Shazera

Miracle question

does not use a medical model - does not start with problem first but instead start with solution

• Focuses on solutions rather than problems.

• -Instead of asking “Why is this happening?” the therapist asks, “What’s working? What do you want instead

• Believes clients already have strengths and resources to create change.

• Emphasizes future goals and practical steps instead of analyzing past causes.

• Scaling on a scale of 1-10 etc

BF skinner operant conditioning

reinforcement always increase behavior

punishment stops

positive is giving

negative is taking away

Pavlov - classical conditioning

A child hears the dentist’s drill (neutral at first) paired with pain → eventually feels anxious (conditioned response) just hearing the drill

• Learning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, causing a conditioned response.

• Focuses on involuntary, automatic responses (like salivation, fear, or emotional reactions).

Transactional Analysis (TA)

Our personality is made up of three “ego states”, and our interactions (transactions) with others can be understood through these states.

• nteractions between people can be analyzed as exchanges between ego states.

• Example:

  • Adult → Adult: Rational problem-solving

  • Parent → Child: Criticism or guidance

  • Child → Parent: Seeking approval or rebelling

TA

• Strokes: Units of recognition (positive or negative) we give or receive.

• Life Script: A pattern of behavior or beliefs developed early in life.

✅ In simple terms:

• TA is about understanding how we act and interact based on our inner Parent, Adult, and Child.

A complementary transaction

happens when the response comes from the expected ego state — the communication lines up naturally.

📈 Result:
Communication flows smoothly — both people understand each other and stay connected.

happens when the response comes from an unexpected or different ego state, crossing the lines of communication.

crossed transaction

psychotherapy =

talk therapy