Period 1_ 1491-1607

God, Gold, Glory

Main 3 reasons for European Conquest in the New World.

Settled Societies

Agricultural based societies. These are important to know because it shows that they do not plan on going anywhere.

Encomiendas

Spanish colonial economy based on enslavement of Natives.

Asiento system

Spanish colonial economy based on enslavement of Africans in the New World

Tribute

Taxes paid by the conquered peoples which brought valuables to Tenochtitlan which helped grow the cities wealth and beauty.

Matriarchy

A society in which power is inherited through the female lines of the family. This is how the Iroquois confederacy was set up.

Animism

A religion that is focused on nature rather than a god.

Patriarchy

A society in which power is inherited through the male lines of the family.

Primogeniture

When land is passed down to the eldest son in the family.

Peasants

Farmworkers in Europe that were a part of the Feudalism economic system

Renaissance

Cultural movement from 1300 to 1450 which favored the arts and learning.

Crusades

Christian armies tried to take back the Holy Land by pushing back the Muslims.

Protestant Reformation-

**Luther led a movement to reform the Catholic Church and questioned some of their teachings.**

Line of Demarcation

Line drawn by the Catholic Pope Alexander VI which gave all land east of the line to Portugal and all land West of the line to Spain. As a result, Brazil became Portuguese while the rest of South America became Spanish. This line was made to prevent fighting between Catholic nations.

Columbian Exchange

Created a “biological marketplace” through the exchange of goods, diseases, livestock, plants, and people between the Old world and the New world

Bartolomé De Las Casas

A Spanish Catholic priest who openly defended the Native American way of life in his writing “In Defense of the Indians”

Christopher Columbus

A Genoese mariner who believed that the feared Atlantic ocean was a narrow channel of water that would connect Europe to Asia.

Tenochtitlan

Capital city of the Aztec Empire, located in present-day Mexico City. It was a sophisticated and well-organized city with impressive architecture, engineering, and social structures.