Intelligence

Spearman’s g Factor

Refers to the single general factor ('g') and specific factors ('s') in intelligence, where 'g' is the most important.

Thurstone's Primary Mental Abilities

Theory that identifies several broad factors of intellect based on factor analysis.

Fluid Intelligence

The ability to reason abstractly and solve problems without prior knowledge or experience.

Crystallized Intelligence

Intelligence that relies on knowledge acquired from experience, including verbal skills and general knowledge.

Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

Theory proposing that intelligence consists of various distinct abilities that are independent of one another.

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

Theory that defines intelligence in terms of three types: analytical, problem-solving, and practical.

Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory

A comprehensive theory of intelligence that categorizes abilities through hierarchies, emphasizing multiple intelligences.

Consistency in Testing

Refers to stable scores over time, among raters or tests.

Inter-Rater Reliability

The level of agreement between two raters assessing the same performance or behavior.

Test-Retest Reliability

The correlation of test scores when the same test is administered at different times.

Validity in Testing

The extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Concurrent Validity

A measure of how well a test correlates with a criterion measured at the same time.

Binet-Simon Intelligence Test

A test developed to identify children needing educational assistance, focusing on mental and chronological age.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

An adult intelligence test that provides a comprehensive measure of a person's intellectual capabilities.

Average IQ Score

The average IQ is 100, with 68% of the population scoring between 85 and 115.

The Flynn Effect

The observed increase in IQ scores over generations, particularly in nonverbal tasks.

Nature vs. Nurture in Intelligence

Significant correlations in IQ scores exist between identical twins, suggesting a strong genetic influence.

Other measures of intelligence

Includes assessments beyond IQ, such as brain size, neural density, and processing speed.