Bio Chapter 10

Cells undergo cell division …..

to produce new cells

In Eukaryotic cells, cell division is part of a regulated cycle called?

Cell Cycle

The larger the cells become the more demand the cells…

place on its DNA

Larger cells are less efficient in moving…..

something across a membrane

Asexual reproduction

production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent

Sexual reproduction

inherit some of their genetic information from each parent

Cells in animals and plants divide to produce…

new cells for growth or replace damage cells

Cell Division

the process by which a cell divides into 2 daughter cells

Cell division never stops growing…..

because your body needs new red blood cells

In cell division chromosomes make it possible

to separate DNA precisely during cell division

Chromosomes carry …..

information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next

Every cell must copy…

its genetic information before cell division

Each daughter cells gets its own copy

of genetic information

humans have _____ chromosomes

46

Chromatin

* composed of DNA and histone proteins (located in nucleus)


* DNA coils around histone proteins to form nucleosomes

Nucleosomes

* interact with one another to form coils and supercoils that make up chromosomes

Interphase

time between cell division/ period of growth

M phase

period of cell division

G1

* cell growth


* cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins/organelles

S phase

* DNA replication
* New DNA is synthesized when chromosomes are replicated

G2

* preparation for mitosis
* many organelles and molecules needed ofr cell division are produced

M phase

* Mitosis
* Cytokinesis

Mitosis

a process where a single cell divides into two **identical** daughter cells

Cytokinesis

* Division of the cytoplasm
* Each daughter cell has identical set of duplicated chromosomes

PMAT

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Cell Cycle

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Cytokinesis

Prophase

* Chromatin condenses into chromosomes/duplicates/becomes visible
* nucleolus disappears and nuclear envelope breaks down

Chromatid

each strand of a duplicated chromosome

Centromere

the area where each pair of chromatids are joined

Centrioles

tiny structures located in cytoplasm of animal cells that help organize the spindle

sister chromatids

two chromatids on the **same** side of a centromere

Metaphase

* Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell/ every chromosome is connected to spindle fibers
* Helps separate the chromosomes \n

\

anaphase

* sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes
* chromosomes separate into two groups near the poles of the spindle
* **LOOKS LIKE A FOOTBALL**

telophase

* Chromosomes spread out into a tangle of chromatin/nuclear envelope reforms around each cluster of chromosome
* Spindle breaks and nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus

interphase

cell grows and replicated its DNA and centrioles

Cytokinesis

each daughter cell has identical set of duplicated chromosomes

Cytokinesis in Animal Cells

* Cell membrane is drawn in until the cytoplasm is pinched into two equal parts
* Division of the cytoplasm
* **Process is different in animal and plant cells**

Cytokinesis in plant cells

* Cell membrane not flexible enough to draw inward because of the rigid cell wall
* **Cell plates** forms between the divided nuclei that develops into cell membranes
* Cell wall forms in between the two new membranes

What role does cell division play in your life?

Divides into daughter cells/ cellular respiration

Does cell division stop when you are finished growing?

No you need to keep producing more cells, for example blood cells

In eukaryotic cells, cell division is part of a regulated cycle called?

Cell cycle

What is the role of chromosomes cell division?

Chromosomes make it possible to separate DNA precisely during cell division

How many chromosome in each cell in a human body?

46

Is mitosis sexual or asexual?

asexual

Stages of Mitosis

* prophase
* metaphase
* anaphase
* telophase