3_The terms of the Treaty of Versailles

League of Nations

An international organization founded to avoid future wars, from which Germany was initially excluded.

Rhineland Demilitarization

Under Article 42, Germany was forbidden to build new defenses and Allied troops occupied the territory for 5–15 years.

Saar Coalfields

Given to France for 15 years as compensation for coal-mines destroyed in northern France.

Territorial Losses

Germany lost approximately 13% of its European territory and all overseas colonies.

Union with Austria

Forbidden by Article 80 without League of Nations consent; later violated by the Anschluss.

Army Limitations

Limited to 100,000 men with conscription banned and German General Staff dissolved.

Navy Restrictions

Germany was allowed only 6 battleships and no submarines, with a manpower cap of 15,000 men.

Air Force Ban

Germany was forbidden to have military or naval aircraft and had to hand over all aircraft.

War Guilt Clause

Germany had to accept responsibility for starting the war, providing the legal basis for reparations.

Reparations Amount

Germany was obligated to pay $31.4 billion in reparations, which significantly harmed its economy.