retrieval practice unit 8

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39 Terms

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An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the years before WWI, also known as the Central Powers.

Triple Alliance

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An agreement of cooperation between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I to keep Germany and other powers in check.

Triple Entente

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Austrian peace activist whose novel Lay Down Your Arms won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1905.

Bertha Von Suttner

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A battleship with increased speed and power developed by Germany and Great Britain, part of the militaristic trend before WWI.

Dreadnought

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Increased tension between Germany and Britain by sharing German congratulations to the Dutch for a victory over the British.

Krueger Telegram

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Nickname for the Balkans due to the numerous conflicts that broke out in the region.

Powder Keg

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Nickname given to the Ottoman Empire because its strength was declining.

Sick Man

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Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, assassinated by a Serbian nationalist, sparking WWI.

Franz Ferdinand

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The region of Northern France where Allied and Central Powers battled each other during WWI.

Western Front

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The region along the German-Russian border where Russians and Serbs fought against Germans, Austrians, and Turks during WWI.

Eastern Front

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Colonel who led Britain to help the Arabs overthrow the Ottoman Empire.

T.E. Lawrence

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Occurred during WWI, resulted from Ottoman claims that the Armenian people were cooperating with the Allies.

Armenian Genocide

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A conflict where participating countries devote all resources to the war effort.

Total War

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Occurred in 1916 due to frustrations of Irish nationalists over postponed home rule.

Easter Rebellion

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German Marxist and anti-war activist.

Clara Zetkin

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Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post WWI Europe and avoiding future wars, largely ignored at the peace conference.

14 Points

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An international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations.

League of Nations

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The meeting that decided the terms of WWI peace, dominated by the winners.

Paris Peace Conference

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Allocation of former German and Ottoman possessions to victorious powers after WWI.

Mandate System

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Agreement ending WWI; included huge reparations for Germany and the War Guilt Clause.

Versailles Treaty

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German republic founded after WWI and the downfall of the monarchy.

Weimar

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British economist who wrote about the economic consequences of the WWI peace agreement.

John Maynard Keynes

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Last tsar of Russia, marking the end of the Romanov dynasty.

Nicholas II

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Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and first head of the USSR.

Vladimir Lenin

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The Socialist party that opposed the Bolsheviks, seeking a democratic party with mass membership.

Mensheviks

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Russian revolutionary who helped build the Red Army and was prevented from being Lenin's successor.

Trotsky

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Self-proclaimed holy man with significant influence over Tsarina Alexandra, making the Tsar unpopular.

Rasputin

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The revolution against the Tsarist government that led to Nicholas II's abdication.

February Revolution

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Head of the Provisional Government in 1917 who refused to redistribute land to peasants.

Kerensky

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Council of workers and soldiers set up by Russian revolutionaries in 1917.

Soviet

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Radical order that placed power in the hands of elected committees of common soldiers.

Army Order No.1

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Bolshevik leader’s promise to the Russian people to provide peace, land, and bread.

April Theses

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Humiliating peace treaty signed by Russia with Germany, marking its exit from WWI.

Brest-Litovsk

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Coup d'état by the Bolsheviks in November 1917 leading to civil war.

October Revolution

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Name for the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War.

Reds

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All those who opposed the Bolsheviks during the civil war.

Whites

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The secret police of the Bolsheviks.

Cheka

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Economic system introduced under Bolshevik rule involving land and factory seizure.

War Communism

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New country created in 1922, replacing the Russian Empire.

Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (USSR)