retrieval practice unit 8

1. An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI. Also known as the Central Powers. Triple Alliance

2. An agreement of cooperation between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I to keep Germany and the other powers in check. Triple Entente

3. Austrian peace activist whose novel Lay Down Your Arms won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1905. Her work demonstrates that some were concerned about the outbreak of war prior to WW1. Bertha Von Suttner

4. A battleship with increased speed and power over conventional warships, developed by both Germany and Great Britain to increase their naval arsenals. Development was part of the militaristic trend that contributed to WW1. Dreadnought

5. This increased tension between Germany and Britain because it shared German congratulations to the Dutch for a victory over the British. Krueger Telegram

6. _ was nicknamed the powder keg because so many conflicts broke out there Powder Keg

7. Sick Man was the nickname given to _ because its strength was declining. Sick Man

8. heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo. This sparked World War I. Franz Ferdinand

9. In WWI, the region of Northern France where the forces of the Allies and the Central Powers battled each other. This is where trench warfare took place. Neither side was able to make significant progress. Western front

10. In WWI, the region along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks. Germans were much more successful, and Russia would eventually withdraw from the war when revolution broke out. Eastern Front

11. colonel who led Britain to help the Arabs overthrow the Ottoman Empire. Known as a "romantic" hero, because after he led these attacks, the Middle East was under control of the Allies. T.E Lawerence

12. Occurred during WW1 by the Turks; resulted from Ottoman claims that the people were cooperating with the Allies. Armenian Genocide

13. A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort. Examples include rationing, war bonds, propaganda, censorship, blockades, women to work, planned economies, etc. Total War

Set 2

14. Occurred in 1916 because a group of Irish nationalists were frustrated because home rule for Ireland had been postponed. Easter Rebellion

15. German Marxist and anti war activist. Clara Zetkin

16. (1918) President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars. He brought his ideas to the peace conference, but they were largely ignored. 14 Points

17. an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations. The last of Wilson's 14 points, and only one to be implemented. The organization was weak and ineffective. League of Nations

18. The meeting that decided the terms of WWI peace. It was dominated by the winners. Germany was forced to accept its decisions. Paris Peace Confrence

19. Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I; to be administered under League of Nations supervision. Meant that England and France were able to divide up the Middle East. Mandate System

20. Agreement in 1919 ending World War I; included huge war reparations to be paid by Germany. Included Article 231, requiring Germany to accept complete responsibility for the war. "War Guilt Clause". Versailles Treaty

21. German republic founded after the WWI and the downfall of the German Empire's monarchy. Weimar

22. British economist who wrote "The Economic Consequences of the Peace" which predicted bad consequences of the peace agreement that ended WWI. Is also associated with supporting increased government spending to address economic depressions. John Maynard keynes

23. Last tsar of Russia, end of the Romanov dynasty. Nicholas II

24. Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924). His views differed from Marx in that 1) He thought that Russia did not need to go through all the historical cycles before the revolution could occur 2) there should be a limited core group of professional revolutionaries who guide the country, not an open party for all. Vladimir Lenin

25. The Socialist party which opposed to the Bolsheviks. Started when some Russian Communists opposed Lenin's approach. wanted a democratic party with mass membership. Mensheviks

26. Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the Red army. Prevented from being Lenin's successor by Stalin. Trotsky

Set 3

27. Self-proclaimed holy man who claimed to heal the sick and have prophecy. He had much influence over Tsarina Alexandra and she often went to him for advise on political issues. His influence helped make the Tsar unpopular. Rasputin

28. the revolution against the Tsarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917. February Revolution

29. Headed the Provisional Government in 1917. Refused to redistribute confiscated landholdings to the peasants. Thought fighting the war was a national duty. Kerensky

30. council of workers and soldiers set up by Russian revolutionaries in 1917. The most powerful one was in Petrograd. Soviet

31. a radical order of the Petrograd worker’s council that stripped officers of their authority because they had been loyal to the tsar, and placed power in the hands of elected committees of common soldiers. Created chaos and helped Bolsheviks take over. Army Order No.1

32. Bolshevik leader’s promise to the Russian people and challenge to the Provisional Government to provide peace, land, and bread. Increases his popularity and leads to his takeover. April Theses

33. Russia signed this humiliating peace treaty with Germany at this site and dropped out of the war, marking Russia's exit from World War I by giving up Lithuania, Poland, and Finland. Brest-Litovsk

34. the coup d'etat by the Bolsheviks under Lenin in November 1917 that led to a period of civil war which ended in victory for the Bolsheviks in 1922 October Revolution

35. Name for The Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War, 1917-1922. The Red Army was organized by Trotsky. Reds

36. All those who opposed the Bolsheviks during the civil war were called _Whites

37. The secret police of the Bolsheviks Cheka

38. Economic system introduced under Bolshevik rule after 1917 which involved land being seized and redistributed, factories given to the workers, banks being nationalized, and church property being granted to the state. War Communism

39. new country created in 1922, replacing the Russian Empire.Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (USSR)