Papa T.J. Earth Science Ch. 27

King Julian

 electromagnetic spectrum

The ______________ consists of all types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to wavelength and frequency.

Wavelength

________ is the distance between peaks on a wave

Frequency

____________ is the number of waves or oscillations that pass a given point per second

3.0 × 10⁸ m/s

What is the speed of light ( c )

Refracting Telescopes

___________ use lenses to focus visible light

Reflecting Telescopes

_________ use mirrors to focus visible light. (cuz like mirrors reflect stuff so mirrors-reflecting yk)

Radio telescope

A ________ collects the longer wavelengths of radio waves with a large dish antenna and reflects them to a point above the dish

The Hubble Space Telescope

The _________ was designed to obtain sharp visible-light images without atmospheric interference and to make observations in infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths

Robotic probes

_________ are spacecrafts that can make close-up observations and sometimes land to collect information directly.

384,400 km

The moons distance from Earth (in km)

3.8 cm

The moon is moving away from the Earth how much per year (in cm)

Sputnik 1

The first step toward reaching the Moon was in 1957, when the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, _________.

Yuri A. Gagarin

Soviet cosmonaut ________ became the first human in space.

Apollo 11

Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin landed on the Moon during the ______ mission

Albedo

The _______ of the Moon, the percentage of incoming sunlight that its surface reflects, is very small—only about 7 percent

31%

Earth has an average albedo of nearly ______.

-233 to 127⁰ C

The temperature of the moon ranges from _______

Highlands

Lunar _______ are heavily cratered regions of the Moon that are light in color and mountainous

Maria

_______ are dark, smooth plains, which average 3 km lower in elevation and have few craters.

Rilles

_____ are valley-like structures that might be collapsed lava tubes.

Impact craters

The craters on the Moon, called _________, formed when objects from space crashed into the lunar surface.

Ejecta

The material blasted out during these impacts fell back to the Moon’s surface as ______.

Rays

Some craters have long trails of ejecta, called ____, that radiate outward from the impact site.

Silicates

The Moon is made up of minerals similar to those of Earth—mostly _______.

Regolith

______ is the layer of loose, ground-up rock on the surface of the moon.

This one prob a short answer

Scientists infer from seismic data that the Moon, like Earth, has a layered structure, which consists of the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, and core.

large impact basins

After the period of intense bombardment that formed the highlands, lava welled up from the Moon’s interior and filled in the ______.

Prob need to know this too

The Moon probably formed as the result of a collision between Earth and a Mars-sized object about 4.5 bya when the solar system was forming.

Impact

The ______ theory of the Moon’s formation states that material ejected from Earth and from the striking object eventually merged to form the Moon.

Foucault pendulum and the Coriolis effect

Both a ______ and the _______ demonstrate that Earth is rotating.

Solar day

The time period from one noon to the next is called a ______.

Ecliptic plane

Earth orbits the Sun in a slightly elliptical orbit. The plane of Earth’s orbit is called the ______.

365.25

It takes _____ days for the Earth to orbit the sun

23.5°

Earth’s axis is tilted relative to the ecliptic at approximately ____.

Tilt and orbital motion

Earth’s ____ and _____ around the Sun result in a cycle of the seasons.

Solstice

At a ______, the Sun is overhead at its farthest distance either north or south of the equator.

Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

The lines of latitude that correspond to these positions on Earth have been identified as the ________ and ________.

Equinox

At an ________, Earth’s axis is perpendicular to the Sun’s rays and at noon the Sun is directly overhead at the equator.

Zenith

The Sun’s maximum height, called its _______, varies throughout the year depending on the viewer’s location.

Know this, Sun would be highest on the summer solstice, lowest on winter solstice. Just think summer with Sun or smtn.

For a person standing on the 23.5° north latitude, the Sun would be at zenith on the summer solstice. It would be at its lowest position at the winter solstice.

27.3

It takes _____ days for the moon to orbit the Earth

Waning is when the right side of the moon is becoming visible, waxing is when the left side is becoming more visible. Gibbous is when most of the moon is shown, so a waning gibbous would be when there is a crescent of shadow on the right side. Crescents are self explanatory, the only light part of the moon is a crescent. The quarters are when it is half and half. Third quarter is when the left side is shown, first quarter is when the right side is shown.

Know the phases of the moon.

Synchronous rotation

The state at which the Moon’s orbital and rotational periods are equal is called _______.

29.5, 27.3

The length of a lunar month is about ___ days, which is longer than the ____ days it takes for one revolution, or orbit, around Earth.

Tides

The Moon’s gravity pulls on Earth along an imaginary line connecting Earth and the Moon, and this creates _____ on both the near and far sides of Earth.

Solar eclipse-way to know difference between solar and lunar eclipse, solar=Sun is blocked, lunar =moon is blocked

A ______ occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth and blocks the Sun from view.

Umbra

The darkest part of the Moon’s shadow, called the ______, sees a total eclipse.

Penumbra

The lighter part of the Moon’s shadow, called the ______, see a partial eclipse.

Perigee

The closest point in the Moon’s orbit to Earth is called _____.

Apogee

The farthest point in the Moon’s orbit of the Earth is called _____.

Lunar eclipse

A ______ occurs when the Moon passes through Earth’s shadow.

Total lunar eclipse

A _______ occurs when the entire Moon is within Earth’s umbra.

5

The plane of the moon orbiting the Earth is on a __ degree tilt compared to the plane of the Earth orbiting the Sun.

me when Julian