soc sci qt2

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65 Terms

1

Civilization

A well-organized society.

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2

Geography

The profound effect on where civilizations settle, playing a monumental role in their establishment and success.

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3

Religion

A set of beliefs concerning the big ideas in the world, involved in cultural behavior and practices.

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4

King

An example of a ruler/leader in ancient times.

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5

Arts

Reflecting the society that creates them.

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6

Architecture

Creating the physical environment in which people live, representing how we see ourselves and the world.

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7

Advance Technology

New forms of technology created by civilizations to make their jobs easier and contribute to future generations.

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8

Politics/Government

Directing people's behavior, enforcing laws, leading the army, and distributing resources.

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9

Economy

Concerned with the optimal distribution of resources in society, with trade being a common economic activity during early civilizations.

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10

Stable Food Supply

Achieved through the domestication of animals and agriculture, allowing civilizations to have a reliable source of food.

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11

Society

Includes social structure, culture, practices, beliefs, and written language.

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12

Social Structure

A complex organization controlled through different jobs and social levels.

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13

Highly Developed Culture

A characteristic of all civilizations, including the arts such as painting, architecture, and music, reflecting their values.

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14

Culture

A way for civilizations to show their values and beliefs.

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15

Written Language

The beginning of history and the beginning of writing, with the first known language being cuneiform created by the Sumerians.

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16

Pictograph

A form of writing that uses symbols or animals as representations.

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17

Chang Jiang (Yangtze)

The longest river in Asia and the 3rd longest in the world.

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18

Yellow River

A strong geographical force in China's history, believed to have had communities built along its banks.

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19

Shang Dynasty

Ruled over China, particularly the area east of the Yellow River and Chang Jiang.

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20

Anyang

The center-city of the Shang Dynasty and known as the most progressive city.

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21

Chinese Gods

The deities worshipped by the Chinese people.

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22

Power of Shang Leaders

Believed to come from the spirits of nature.

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23

Economy of Shang

Based on agriculture, trade, and the work of craftspeople.

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24

Trade Routes

Used to connect the Shang civilization with faraway lands.

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25

Cowrie Shells

Used as currency in the Shang civilization.

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26

Bronzeware

Initially used for weapons, later used for religious rituals.

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27

System of Writing

Oracle bones made of animal bones used for divination ceremonies.

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28

Oracle Bones

Bear the earliest form of ancient Chinese writing and contain historically important information.

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29

Social Structure

Kings > Nobles > Artisans & Traders > Farmers > Slaves.

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30

Mesopotamia

The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known as "The Land Between the Two Rivers." Now known as IRAQ

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31

Tigris & Euphrates Rivers

The two main rivers of ancient Mesopotamia, which served as the cradle of urban civilization.

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32

Fertile Crescent

An ancient region in Asia known for its rich and fertile soil, of which Mesopotamia was a part.

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33

Polytheistic Belief

The belief in multiple gods, with Mesopotamians worshiping 3600 gods and demigods.

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34

Ziggurat

A form of temple common to the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians, where they worshiped their gods and goddesses.

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35

Cuneiform

A system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia, using a reed stylus as the main writing tool.

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36

Scribe

Experts in cuneiform writing.

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37

Code of Hammurabi

A well-preserved Babylonian code of law, the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world.

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38

Ruled by kings

Mesopotamia was governed by kings, with each king ruling a single city.

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39

Gilgamesh

Fifth ruler of the first dynasty of Uruk, known for his building projects, judgment, and divine-human heritage.

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40

Sargon the Great Emperor

Founder of the Akkadian Empire, the world's first empire, through the conquest of Sumerian city-states.

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41

King Hammurabi of Babylonia

Sixth king of Babylon, known for establishing the Hammurabi Code, a written code of laws.

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42

Nabopolassar

Overthrew the Assyrian Empire, established the second Babylonian Empire, and ruled for 20 years.

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43

Nebuchadnezzar II

Expanded the Babylonian Empire, conquered Judah and Jerusalem, and built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

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44

Shamshi Adad I

Conquered surrounding city-states, established the first Assyrian Empire, and was an excellent leader and organizer.

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45

Economy of Mesopotamia

Developed a trade system based on the exchange of goods without using money.

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46

Upper Class

Consisted of the king and priests.

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47

Middle Class

Included scribes, merchants, artisans, and commoners.

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48

Lower Class

Comprised slaves.

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49

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50

Indus Civilization

An ancient civilization that existed in the Indus River Valley, encompassing present-day India and Pakistan.

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51

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Two major cities of the Indus Civilization, known for their shared urban design and architectural features.

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52

Indus River Valley

The geographical location where the Indus Civilization thrived, benefiting from yearly floods that deposited fertile soil.

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53

Kyber Pass

A mountain pass in the Hindu Kush mountains that allowed people to cross into the Indus River Valley.

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54

Animistic Religion

The original religious belief of the Indus Civilization, centered around the worship of natural elements and spirits.

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55

Hinduism

A religion that developed in the Indus Civilization, influenced by the arrival of the Aryans.

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56

Drainage System

An advanced irrigation system in the Indus Civilization, with vertical and horizontal drainage in each house.

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57

Grid System

A planned layout of streets and buildings in the cities of the Indus Civilization.

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58

Pictograph

A system of writing used in the Indus Civilization, consisting of pictorial symbols.

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59

Trade and Religion

The primary means of governance in the cities of the Indus Valley, rather than military strength.

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60

Economy of Indus

Farming, domestication of animals, barter trade, weaving, and metalwork.

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61

Gods

Highest rank in the Social Structure of the Indus Civilization

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62

Priests

Brahmin

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63

Nobles & Warriors

Kshatriya

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64

Merchants & Skilled Workers

Vaishya

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65

Servants, Peasants, Slaves

Sudra

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