PlantCell Organelle and Function, All Cell Organelles and Functions mine

cell membrane

the outermost layer of the cell, determines what goes in/out of cell; protects the cell

nuclear membrane

decides what goes into and out the nucleus, separates genetic material from the rest of the cell

nucleus

directs cell activities, contains the cell’s DNA

ribosome

makes proteins

cell wall

made of cellulose, supports structure and protects the plant cell, filter mechanism

chloroplast

found in plant cells, double membrane organelle that allows photosynthesis to happen; converts sunlight into sugar

lysosome

destroys unwanted particles, break down/recycle old cell parts, helps white blood cells destroy bacteria

Golgi body

factories in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport.

cytoskeleton

Network of protein fibers, is the structural framework for cell shape

centriole/centrosome

Made from two centrioles. Aids in cell division by separating chromosomes. Helps with cell structure

nucleolus

made up of proteins and RNA. Rewrites RNA and combines it with proteins. makes ribosomes

smooth ER

ER which has no ribosomes on it, makes and stores lipids, filters toxins, aids in creating new cell membranes

ribosomes

Two subunits made of RNA and proteins. Make proteins

cilia

Organelles that extend from the surface of nearly all mammalian cells. They move a cell or group of cells or to help transport fluid or materials past them

flagella

whip, tail like appenage that propels the cell along

chromatin

efficiently package DNA into a small volume

centriole

Small set of microtubules arranged in a certain way. Help in the formation of the spindle fibers.

cytoplasm

The jelly-like material in the cell. Holds the internal components of cells in place. Moves materials around the cell

mitochondria

“powerhouse” of the cell; breaks down sugar to make energy

central vacuole

found in plant cells, large membrane-bound vesicle. involved with storage, cell growth, digestion, waste disposal.

rough ER

ER covered in ribosomes, responsible for the assembly of proteins and transportation

vesicle

fluid enclosed by lipid bilayer. moves molecules between locations inside the cell

pili

appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA

peroxisome

breaks down toxic hydrogen peroxide, aids in digestion of lipids

DNA

heredity material found in nearly all cells, codes for the production of proteins, found in the nucleus

RNA

single-stranded, carries DNA’s genetic code to ribosomes in order to create proteins

vacuole

found in animal cells, stores food, water, or waste materials

contractile vacuole

found in amoeba (eukaryotic) and unicellular algae, brings in and expels water as needed to regulate osmosis

capsule

extra polypeptide coating outside of the cell wall

chlorophyll

the green pigment found in chloroplasts