Chapter 27 WHAP: Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 21st Century

Third World

Also known as developing nations: Nations outside the capitalist industrialized nations of the first world and industrialized communist nations of the second world. Generally less economically powerful, but with varied economies.

PRI

Party of the Institutionalized Revolution. Dominant political party in Mexico . Developed during the 1920's and 1930's. Incorporated labor,peasant,military,and middle class sectors. Controlled other political organizations in Mexico

Zapatistas

Guerrilla movement named in honor of Emiliano Zapata. originated in 1994 in Mexico's southern state of Chiapas. Government responded with a combination of repression and negotiation.

NAFTA

Created in 1949 under United States leadership to group most of the western European powers plus Canada in a defensive alliance against possible Soviet Aggression

Juan Jose Arevalo

Elected President of Guatemala in 1944. He began a series of socialist reforms including land reform; nationalist program against the united states.

Juan Peron

Military leader in Argentina who became dominant political figure after militiary coup in 1943; used position as Minister of Labor to appeal to working groups and the poor; became President in 1946, forced into exile in 1955, returned and won presidency in 1973

Manuel Noriega

Military leader of Panama's National Guard who became so involved in the drug trade that President George Bush sent U.S. troops to Panama in 1989 and was sent to prison in the U.S. for drug trafficking.

Falkland Islands

This British territory is a group of over 100 islands in the southern Atlantic off the coast of Argentina. In 1982 Argentina invaded these islands, but they were defeated in a 2 month long undeclared war by the British and had to withdraw.

UN Declaration of rights

Declaration adopted by the UN general assembly and represents the belief that there are certain rights that all humans are entitled to.

United Fruit Company

Most important foreign economic concern in Guatemala during the 20th century; attempted land reform aimed at United Fruit caused U.S. intervention in Guatemalan politics leading to ouster of reform government in 1954

Fulgencio Batista

dictator of Cuba from 1934 to 1944; returned to presidency in 1952; ousted from government by revolution led by Fidel Castro

Fidel Castro

Cuban revolutionary. He overthrew dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1958 and he initiated series of socialist reforms. Eventually he came to depend almost exclusively on Soviet Union

Grenada

A country in the Carribean which followed the Cuban model and exercised the revolutionary option to try and resist the United State's pressure.

Ernesto "Che" Guevara

Argentine revolutionary; aided Fidel Castro in overthrow of Fulgencio Batista; died while directing guerrilla movement in Bolivia in 1967.

Liberation theology

Combined Catholic theology and socialist principles, or used Marxist categories, for understanding society in an effort to improve conditions for the poor.

Salvador Allende

Socialist politician elected president of Chile in 1970 and overthrown by the military in 1973. He died during the military attack. (p. 856)

Sandinista Party

Nicaraguan socialist movement, backed by the U.S.S.R.; successfully carried out a socialist revolution in Nicaragua during the 1980s, but was ousted by the U.S. in 1990.

Augusto Sandino

A nationalist leader who fought against the U.S. in Nicaragua. He led an army of peasants and Indians to restore Nicaraguan national sovereignty; rediscovered the guerilla tradition, and had been influenced by the anti-yankees and socialist ideas of the Mexican revolution.

Banana Republics

Conservative dictatorships, often friendly with the U.S., that were dependent on their export on tropical products and also often had subservient and corrupt governments.

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations with Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region.

Alliance for Progress

A program in which the United States tried to help Latin American countries overcome poverty and other problems in the region.

Favelas

Marginal neighborhoods, shantytowns, or slums that were characteristic of the rapidly growing Latin American cities.

Jorge Borges and Gabriel Garcia Marquez

Latin American writers who won acclaim all over the world; Marquez's "One Hundred Years of Solitude" outlined the trajectory of Latin America in the 20th century.