Mexican Revolution "Facts Only" Set

imported from quizlet quiz 4 March

mestizo

A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry

criollo

born in Mexico, but European decent

La Reforma

the feudal system that came up with haciendas

anti-clericalism

opposition to the clergy and the church

Benito Juarez

• pre-Diaz & revolution president (19th century)

• had problems with foreign debt and countries

cientifícos

group of businessmen, believed the problems of government and the economy could be solved by the proper application of scientific principles, sought foreign investment

ejido

communal land grant given to Indians

hacienda

sprawling farms/ranches owned by 1 family (usually white and old)

rurales

rural police force, hiring bandits for police

Yacquis

Indian tribe in Senora, formed part of Obregon's reform

José Limantour

Leader of los cientificos, finance minister

Porfirio Diaz

Came after Juarez in power, intended to keep peace in order, wanted to bring economic development, wanted to end mutinies and civil wars

James Creelman

American journalist, interview Diaz, in the interview Diaz said he wasn't going to run again

Francisco Madero

went against Diaz in an election, was jailed and tried to be head of revolution, became president after Diaz, became dictator, thought that only democracy would help all the problems

Plan of San Luis Potosi

Issued by Madero, called for revolution to begin to overthrow Diaz's rule, first plan issued by revolutionaries

Francisco "Pancho" Villa

Mexican Revolutionary general and one of the most prominent figures of the Mexican Revolution

Emiliano Zapata

Mexican Revolutionary, leading people who wanted their land back

Plan of Ayala

plan issued by Zapata, says we are going to have land distribution by force

Pascual Orozco

began a rebellion with an army of 60,000 men, backed by Terrazas and creole families, tried to overthrow Madero

Victoriano Huerta

was a general under Madero, fought against Felix Diaz, took over after Madero, gagged the press, jailed members of Congress, replaced people with hand-picked cronies

Henry Lane Wilson

Ambassador of the US, believed that his mission was to advance American business interests, thought that Madero bordered communism

Pact of the Embassy

A pact between Felix and Huerta, orchestrated by Wilson, they will stop fighting, Huerta is acting president, Felix Diaz will "win" the election

Decena Trágica

ten tragic days, 1913, artillery duel between Felix Diaz and Huerto

Venustiano Carranza

First president after revolution, thought he was the "first chief" of the revolution

Plan of Guadalupe

Created by Carranza, overthrow Huerta and a return to Constitution

Alvaro Obregón

The most successful leader of the revolution, became a revolutionary after Madero's death, became president after Carranza, was assassinated towards the beginning of his second term

constitutionalists

anti-Huerta, anti-clerical, upheld Constitution of 1857, slogan was land and liberty

Convention of Aguascalientes

Called by Carranza to legitimize his rule, all revolutionary leaders were present, Carranza thought he would control it, delegates loyal to Villa and Zapata took charge and demanded radical land distribution

Battle of Celaya

Bloodiest battle of the revolution, Obregon defeated Villa strategically, Villa loses lots of men

Punitive Expedition

a military search to go after Villa for attacking the US, led by General John Pershing

Convention of Querétaro

Second convention, Carranza wanted to have a constitution like the 1857 one, created a new constitution a more radical one

José Vasconcelos

led Obregon's education changes, thought that school was important for unifying the nation, founded teacher training colleges and other kinds of colleges, launched a program to being literacy and health to primitive Indian villages

indigenismo

both a celebration and assimilation of indigenous in an attempt to forge a national identity, emphasizes the relation between the nation-state side and indigenous minorities

Plutarco Calles

president after Obregon (1924-1934), returned more land than Obregon, didn't like the Catholic church, was president twice

Cristero Rebellion

Mexican Catholics attacking to make Calles stop the Constitution of 1917 because it wounds the sacred rights of the Catholic Church

Constitution of 1917

the constitution of Mexico, created during the convention of Queretaro, was very radical, stopped clerical education, included rights to labor, and land distribution, and no foreign exportation of wealth

Lazaro Cardenas

The leader of a reform, became president after after Calles,

Maximato

Calles rule, 1924-1934

Porfiriato

The period of rule by Diaz, the period before the revolution, also a social class (I believe), the ones who came from Europe

CROM

labor organization sponsored and protected by the government, regional confederation of Mexican works, Confederacion Regional Obrera Mexicana

PNR

a Mexican party created by Calles, named the national revolutionary party, later turns into the pri or institutional revolutionary party