Conservation and Dissipation of Energy P1

Vocabulary flashcards for key terms and concepts related to energy conservation and dissipation.

System

An object or group of objects.

Closed System

A system where no energy can escape to or enter from the surroundings. The total energy in a closed system never changes.

Kinetic Energy

Energy an object has because it is moving.

Gravitational Potential Energy

Energy an object has because of its height above the ground.

Elastic Potential Energy

Energy an elastic object has when it is stretched or compressed.

Thermal Energy

Energy an object has because of its temperature. The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in the object.

Chemical Energy

Energy that can be transferred by chemical reactions involving foods, fuels, and chemicals in batteries.

Nuclear Energy

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

Magnetic Energy

Energy a magnetic object has when it is near a magnet or in a magnetic field.

Electrostatic Energy

Energy a charged object has when near another charged object.

Work Done

Energy transferred when a force moves an object.

Lubrication

A way of reducing unwanted energy transfer due to friction.

Streamlining

A way of reducing energy wasted due to air resistance or drag in water.

Efficiency

A measure of how much energy is transferred usefully.

Dissipated Energy

Energy that is transferred to less useful stores; all energy eventually ends up in the thermal energy store of the surroundings.

Power

How much work is done (or how much energy is transferred) per second, measured in watts (W).

Kinetic Energy Equation

Use the formula: KE = frac{1}{2} mv^2, where KE is kinetic energy, m is mass, and v is speed.

Gravitational Potential Energy Equation

Use the formula: GPE = mgh, where GPE is gravitational potential energy, m is mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.

Elastic Potential Energy Equation

Use the formula: EPE = frac{1}{2}ke^2, where EPE is elastic potential energy, k is the spring constant, and e is the extension.

Work Done Equation

Use the formula: W = Fd, where W is work done, F is the force, and d is the distance.

Power Equation

Use the formula: P = frac{W}{t}, where P is power, W is

Heating

Energy is transferred from one object to another object with a lower temperature.

Waves

Waves e.g light and sound can transfer energy.

Electricity

An electric current transfers energy.

Forces

Energy is transferred when a force moves or changes the shape of an object.