Chem 1110 Lec

Chemistry

Chemistry

The study of matter and its interactions.

Valence Electrons

Electrons that are more unstable than innermost electrons and play a key role in chemical bonding.

Conservation Laws

Principles that govern the conservation of mass, energy, electrons, and charges in chemical reactions.

Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom

A model that explains the behavior of electrons as both waves and particles.

Schrodinger’s Cat

A thought experiment illustrating the principles of quantum mechanics and superposition.

Deterministic Phenomena

The belief prior to the 20th century that all physical phenomena could be predicted with certainty.

Sub-Atomic Particles

Particles that do not follow deterministic rules, as their future states cannot be predicted from present conditions.

Electron Behavior

The behavior of electrons, which determines the behavior of atoms and is difficult to observe directly.

Light

A form of electromagnetic radiation composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

Speed of Light

The constant speed at which all electromagnetic waves travel, approximately 3.00 × 10^8 m/s.

Amplitude

The height of a wave, indicating the intensity of light.

Wavelength

The distance between successive crests of a wave.

Frequency

The number of waves that pass a point in a given time, measured in Hertz (cycles/s).

Energy of Waves

Total energy is proportional to both amplitude and frequency of the wave.

Wavelength-Frequency Relationship

Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional; shorter wavelengths correspond to higher frequencies.

Color of Light

Determined by its wavelength or frequency; white light is a mixture of all visible colors.

ROYGBIV

The acronym representing the colors of the visible spectrum (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet).

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A classification of electromagnetic waves by wavelength, with varying energy levels.

Ionizing Radiation

High-energy electromagnetic radiation that can damage biological molecules.

Radio Signal Transmission

AM (amplitude modulation) and FM (frequency modulation) are methods of transmitting radio signals.

Standing Waves

Waves that remain constrained within a region of space, important for understanding atomic and molecular structure.

2-D Waves

Vibrational patterns on a flat surface that exhibit standing wave characteristics.

Interference

The interaction between waves, resulting in constructive (in phase) or destructive (out of phase) interference.

Diffraction

The bending of waves around obstacles or openings similar in size to the wavelength, demonstrating wave behavior.