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Sociology of gender
Critical analysis of gendered meanings assumed to be natural or neutral.
Social construction of gender
The idea that gender is formed through social interaction, rather than purely biological.
Dominant social scripts
The prevailing norms and expectations surrounding gender roles in society.
Standpoint theory
The perspective that all knowledge is influenced by specific social and political contexts.
Strong objectivity
A concept that suggests diversity in research can enhance objectivity.
Compulsory heterosexuality
The social expectation that heterosexuality is the only norm or allowable sexual orientation.
Intersectionality
The interconnected nature of social categories, such as race, class, and gender, that create overlapping systems of discrimination.
Hegemonic masculinity
The dominant form of masculinity that subordinates other gender expressions.
Queer theory
A theoretical approach that challenges the fixed categories of sex, gender, and sexuality.
The personal is political
The idea that personal experiences are often shaped by societal and political structures.
Doing gender
An interactional process wherein individuals enact their gender identities in social contexts.
Matrix of domination
A framework that outlines how multiple forms of oppression are interconnected.
Emphasized femininity
A form of femininity that is supportive of gender inequality and complements hegemonic masculinity.
Second Shift
The unpaid domestic labor that women engage in after returning home from paid work.
Socialization
The process through which individuals learn and internalize the values and norms of their society.
Gender binary
The classification of gender into two distinct, opposing forms of masculine and feminine.
Cisnormativity
The societal expectation that aligns gender identity with biological sex.
Gender performativity
The idea that gender is constituted through repeated social performances.
Feminist theory
An area of study focused on defining, establishing, and achieving political, economic, personal, and social equality of sexes.
Gender wage gap
The average difference in pay between men and women.
Culture of masculinity
Cultural norms and expectations surrounding male behaviors and identity.
Gender identities
Personal conception of oneself as male, female, a blend of both, or neither.
Male privilege
The societal privilege that benefits men over women in numerous aspects.
Sexual essentialism
The belief that sexual behavior and identities are biologically determined.
Queer identity
A self-identification that challenges between genders and sexual orientations.
Political commitment in theory
The assertion that theoretical work cannot be separate from political activism.
Cultural hegemony
The influence of one culture over others through normalization of beliefs and practices.
Bifurcated consciousness
Understanding one’s position in society while also recognizing contradictions in identity.
Patriarchal bargain
An agreement or trade-off made by individuals to gain privileges while upholding oppressive structures.
Racialized femininities
Different expressions of femininity influenced by race and societal privilege hierarchies.
Male-dominated institutions
Structures and organizations where men hold the majority of power and influence.
Labor force participation rate
The percentage of the working-age population that is actively engaged in the labor market.
Women's liberation movement
A social movement aimed at achieving equal rights for women.
