epsp & ipsp

excitatory nuerons

release excitatory nt’s

-excite post synaptic cells @ dendrite spine

excited post synaptic cells will have

EPSP’s resulting in depolarization. which means its likely to reach thresehold and have AP

inhibitory nuerons

release inhibitory neurotransmitters

-inhibit post synaptic cells and dendrite spine

inhibited post synaptic cells will have

IPSP's resulting in hyperpolarization, making it less likely to reach threshold; AP

glutamate

main excitatory nt in the CNS

what does glutamate act as

a ligand; binds to glutamate receptors (ion channels) which open thems

opening of glutamate ligand channels leads to what

allow cations (mainly Na+ and a lil Ca²⁺) into nuerons which causes the initial depolarization 

Na+ entry is due to what

the opening of Ligand(glutamate)-Na+ channels

glutmate receptors are 2 in 1 which means 

-theyre receptors for glutumate 

-channel for Na+ entry 

initial depolarization aka.

EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential)

when does EPSP occur

the end of RMP

what do EPSP’s do

move membrane potential closet to threshold

esps reaching thresehold

EPSPs from several nuerons may be required to actually reach thresehold 

what does it mean that EPSP’s are additive

they can summate; several neurons can have excitatory inputs on one post synaptic membrane (target cell)

gaba

main inhibitory neuron in the CNS

what do GABA receptors allow into the cell after gaba binds to the channel

CI- which causes hyperpolarization due to anion entry 

what is CI- entry due to

gaba bindinf to LG channels

the hyper polarization from gaba is called

IPSP

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

when is IPSP

end of RMP

why is Gabba an inhibitory nueron

because post synaptic cell gets inhibited and creates IPSP which take mV further away from threshold  → no AP

-allow for CI- entry or K+ leaving

are IPSP additive

yes 

gabaergic nueron

produces gaba

glutamatergic neuron

produces glutamate

does nuerons receive both excitatory and inhibitory at the same time

yes they often do

why do they receive both excitatory and inhibitory

because nuerons can have receptors for glut. and gaba at the dendrite spine

what are the 2 main types of neurotransmitter receptors

ionotropic and metabotropic receptors.

ionotropic receptors

act as ligan gated ion channels 

-dual fxn.

• receptor for ligand

• channel for ion 

metabotropic NT R’s

only work a receptor for ligand

-has a separate channel