physics paper 2

What is Newton’s first law of motion?

An object will remain at rest or move at constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant force

What is Newton’s second law of motion?

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass

What is Newton’s third law of motion

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Define momentum

Momentum is the product of an objects mass and its velocity

What is hookes law?

The extension of a spring directly proportional to the force applied, provided the elastic limit isn’t exceeded

What is the elastic limit?

The point beyond which a material will not return to its original shape once the force is removed

What is the difference between scarlet and vector quantities?

A scalar has only magnitude, while a vector has magnitude and direction

What is the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration in Newton’s second law?

Force = mass x acceleration

What is a free body diagram

A diagram showing all the forces acting on an object with arrows indicating magnitude and direction

What is terminal velocity

The constant speed that a freely falling object eventually reaches when the resistance of the medium through which it’s falling prevents further acceleration

What is the difference between speed and velocity

Speed is a scalar quantity, measuring how fast something is moving, while velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction

What is an electric field

region around a charged object where other charged objects experience a force

What is Coulomb’s law

The force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

What is the right hand rule on electromagnetism

Used to determine the direction of the magnetic force, field or current. Point your thumb in the direction of the current and your fingers will curl in the direction of the magnetic field

What is a magnetic field

A region where magnetic forces can be detected. It is created by moving electric charges and magnetic materials

What is the difference between a permanent magnet and an electromagnet

A permanent magnetic produces its own magnetic field while an electromagnetic field is created by an electric current

How do you increase the strength of an electromagnet

The strength of an electromagnet can be increased by increasing the number of coils, increasing the current or using a soft iron core

What are the magnetic field lines

Magnetic field lines are imaginary lines that represent the direction of the magnetic field, showing the path a North Pole would follow if free to move in the field

What is the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves

Longitudinal waves have oscillations parallel to the direction of wave travel while transverse waves have oscillations perpendicular to the direction of wave travel

What is the wavelength of a wave

The distance between two consecutive points that are in phase

what is power

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred

What is gravitational potential energy

The energy an object possesses due to its position in a gravitational field

What is the law of conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred or transformed from one form to another

What is the principle of moments

States that for an object to be in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments must equal the sum of the anticlockwise moments

What is resistance

Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current in a conductor

What is a diode

A semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only, blocking reverse current

What is the magnetic field around a straight current carrying wire

Generates concentric circular magnetic fields around the wire with the direction determined by the right hand rule

What is earths magnetic field

A dipole magnetic field, which has north and South Pole, and it extends from the earths interior into space

What is a solenoid

A coil of wire that generates a uniform magnetic field when an electric current flows through it

How does an electric motor work

By using the interaction between a current carrying conductor and a magnetic field to produce a force causing the conductor to rotate

What is the difference between ac and dc

Alternating current reverses direction periodically, while direct current flows in one direction only

What is magnetic flux

A measure of the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given area

What is faradays law of induction

States that a change in magnetic flux through a loop induces an electromotive force in the loop

What is Lenz’s law

The direction of the induced current will oppose the change in magnetic flux that cause it

what is the significance of the area under a force time graph

Represents the impulse applies to an object

What is the principle of conservation of mechanical energy

The total mechanical energy of an isolated system remains constant if no external work is done by non conservative forces

What is the difference between uniform motion and non uniform motion

In uniform motion an object moves at a constant speed in a straight line. In non uniform motion the speed or direction of the object changes

What is the function of a fuse in an electrical circuit

A fuse is a safety device that prevents excessive current by melting and breaking the circuit when the current exceeds a safe level

What is the role of a transformer

Changes the voltage of an alternating current using two coils and a magnetic field, allowing voltage to be stepped up or stepped down

What is the function of a relay in an electrical circuit

An electrically operated switch that uses an electromagnet to open or close a circuit

What is the principle behind electromagnetic induction

The process of generating an electromotive force by changing the magnetic flux through a coil of wire

What is a magnetic domain

A region within a material where the magnetic moments of atoms are aligned in the same direction

What is the difference between ferromagnetic and non ferromagnetic materials

Ferromagnetic materials can be magnetized because their magnetic domains align. Non ferromagnetic materials don’t exhibit magnetism

What is the role of a permanent magnet in an electric motor

Provides a constant magnetic field in why’d the current carrying coil interacts generating rotational force

What is the role of the core in a transformer

Typically made of iron and serves to concentrate and guide the magnetic flux, allowing efficient transfer of emergent between the primary and secondary coils

What is centripetal force

The force that acts on an object moving in a circle, directed towards the centre of the circle. It’s required to keep an object in a circular motion

What is archimedes principle

States that the upthrust on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

What is an electric motor

An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy using the interaction between a magnetic field and a current carrying coil of wire to produce rotational motion

What is a Hall effect

The creation of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow of current

What is the work-energy principle

States that the work done on an object is equal to its change in its kinetic energy

What is diffraction of waves

Ending of waves around obstacles or the spreading of waves as the pass through small openings

what is the Doppler effect

The change in frequency or wavelength of a wave as the source and observer move relative to each other