Studied by 3 peopleApplied psychology
The use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems
Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology
A field that focuses on the psychology of work and on behavior within organizations
Organizational culture
The blend of customs, beliefs, values, attitudes, and rituals within an organization
Organizational citizenship
Making positive contributions to the success of an organization in ways that go beyond ones job description
Personnel psychology
A branch of industrial/organizational psychology concerned with testing, selection, placement, and promotion of employees
Job analysis
A detailed description of the skills, knowledge, and activities required by a particular job
Critical incidents
Situations that arise in a job with which a competent worker must be able to cope
Biodata
Detailed biographical information about a job applicant
Personal interview
Formal or informal questioning of job applicants to learn their qualifications to gain an impression of their personalities
Vocational interest test
A paper-and-pencil test that assesses a persons interest and matches them to interest found among successful workers in various occupations
Aptitude test
An evaluation that rates a persons potential to learn skills required by various occupations
Assessment center
A program set up within an organization to conduct in-depth evaluations of job candidates
Situational judgement test
Presenting realistic work situations to applicants in order to observe their skills and reactions
In-basket test
A testing procedure that simulates the individual decision-making challenges that executives face
Leaderless group discussion
A test of leadership that simulates group decision-making and problem solving
360° feedback
Evaluation of employee performance, mainly anonymous numerical ratings, collected from different perspectives
Job satisfaction
The degree to which a person is comfortable with or satisfied with his or her work
Job enrichment
Making a job more personally rewarding, interesting, or intrinsically motivating; typically involves increasing worker knowledge
Flextime
A work schedule that allows flexible starting and quitting times
Flexplace (telecommuting)
An approach to flexible work that involves working at a location away from the office, but using a computer to stay connected throughout the workday
Theory X Leadership (scientific management)
An approach to leadership that emphasizes work efficiency
Work efficiency
Maximum output (productivity) at lowest cost
Psychological efficiency
Maintenance of good morale, labor relations, employee satisfaction, and similar aspects of work behavior
Theory Y leadership
A leadership style that emphasizes human relations at work and that views people as industrious, responsible, and interested in challenging work
Transformational leadership
Leadership aimed at transforming employees to exceed expectations and look beyond self-interest to help the organization better compete
Shared leadership (participative management)
A leadership approach that allows employees at all levels to participate in decision-making
Management by objectives
A management technique in which employees are given specific goals to meet in their work
Self-managed team
A work group that has a high degree of freedom with respect to how it achieves its goals
Quality circle
An employee discussion group that makes suggestions for improving quality and solving business problems
Environmental psychology
The formal study of how environments affect behavior
Social environment
An environment defined by a group of people and their activities or interrelationships (such as a parade, revival meeting, or sports event)
Physical environments
Natural settings, such as forests and beaches, as well as environments built by humans, such as buildings, ships, and cities
Behavioral setting
A smaller area within an environment whose use is well defined, such as a bus depot, waiting room, or lounge
Ecological footprint
The amount of land and water area required to replenish the resources that a human population consumes
Crowding
A subjective feeling of being overstimulated by a loss of privacy or by the nearness of others (especially when social contact with them is unavoidable)
Density
The number of people in a given space or, inversely, the amount of space available to each person
Attentional overload
A stressful condition caused when sensory stimulation, information, and social contacts make excessive demands on attention
Noise pollution
Stressful and intrusive noise, usually artificially generated by machinery, but also includes sounds made by animals and humans
Environmental assessment
The measurement and analysis of the effects an environment has on the behavior and perceptions of people within that environment
Architectural psychology
The study of the effects that building have on behavior and the design of buildings using behavioral principles
Social dilemma
A social situation that tends to provide immediate rewards for actions that will have undesired effects in the long run
Tragedy of the commons
A social dilemma in which individuals, each acting in his or her immediate self-interest, overuse a scarce group resource
Social norms marketing
A persuasion technique that seeks to change attitudes by making explicit relevant social norms in order to foster compliance
Personalized normative feedback
A persuasion technique that seeks to change attitudes by comparing feedback about individual performance with relevant social norms in order to foster compliance
Carbon footprint
The volume of greenhouse gases individual consumption adds to the atmosphere
Legal psychology
The study of the psychological and behavioral dimensions of the legal system
Forensic Psychology
The study of clinical aspects of the law
Scientific jury selection
Using social science principles to choose members of a jury
Mock jury
A group that realistically simulates a courtroom jury
Community psychology
A branch of psychology that goes beyond an individual focus and integrates social, cultural, economic, political, environmental, and international influences to promote positive change, health, and empowerment at individual and systemic levels
Sports psychology
The study of the psychological and behavioral dimensions of sports performance
Task analysis
Breaking complex sills into their subparts
Motor skill
A series of actions molded into a smooth and efficient performance
Motor program
A mental plan or model that guides skilled movement
Mental practice
Imagining a skilled performance to aid learning
Peak performance
A performance during which physical, mental, and emotional states are harmonious and optimal
Portfolio
A collection of printed examples of a persons accomplishments and work
e-Portfolio
A digital, rather than hardcopy, collection of printed examples of a persons accomplishments and work
Note
Flashcard