ENTM100 Lecture 24

Risks of Biological Control

1. Effects on non-target species

2. Introduction of unwated species (hyperparasites)

3. Crop losses due to natural enemies failing to work or working too slow

Some strategies used in IPM

• Chemical control

• Biological control

• Host plant resistance

Host plant resistance

Resistant crops, genetically modified crops

1. Antibiosis: consumed plant adversely affects insect

2. Antixenosis: deters insect feeding

3. Tolerance: plant able to withstand

Physical/Mechanical control (strategy used in IPM)

• Screening, traps, barriers, heat/steam, vacuum, solarization, row-covers, plastics

Cultural control (strategy used in IPM)

• sanitation, crop rotation, host-free periods, deep tillage, burning irrigation, crop placement

Pheromones and Attractants (strategy used in IPM)

1. Monitoring

2. Attract and kill (with insecticides)

3. Mass trapping

Genetic Control

• sterile male technique (SIT)

• Edward Knipling

• Ray Bushland

• Transgenics (GMOs)

• Gene stacking (pyramids)

• Non GMO reservoirs

• Problem with non-target insects

Gene stacking (type of genetic control)

• The process of combining two or more genes of interest into a singe plant

Drone

used to release sterile tsetse flies in Africa

Regulatory contorl (strategy used in IPM)

quarantine, exclusion, host-destruction requirements, disease-free seed

IPM

• Integrated methods derived from the creative activities of ocmmunities of concerned people, engaged i working otowar a common goal of economically producing safe, high quality commonalities in an environmentally safe manner.