deductive syllogisms and hypothetical reasoning
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Last updated 5:57 AM on 12/18/25
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6 Terms
1
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antecedent
IF
2
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consequent
THEN
3
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affirming the antecedent (modus ponens)
VALID
If a substance is acidic, it will turn the paper red.
This substance is acidic.
Therefore, it will turn the paper red
4
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denying the antecedent
INVALID
If an animal is a bird, it lays eggs.
This animal is not a bird.
Therefore it does not lay eggs.
5
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affirming the consequent
INVALID
If a plant is a cactus, it needs little water.
This plant needs little water.
Therefore, it is a cactus.
6
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denying the consequent (modus tollens)
If this sample has starch, it will turn blue with the chemical.
The sample did not turn blue.
Therefore, the sample does not have starch.
Note 
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