Understanding Intellectual Disability and Its Implications

Intellectual Disability

Significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.

Rosa's Law

2010 law reducing stigma around intellectual disability.

IDEA Definition

Subaverage intellectual functioning affecting educational performance.

Onset Criteria

Diagnosis must occur before age 18.

Intellectual Functioning

Ability to reason, plan, and problem-solve.

IQ Measurement

Scores 2 standard deviations below mean indicate disability.

Adaptive Behavior

Skills needed for everyday functioning and independence.

Conceptual Skills

Communication, money management, and time understanding.

Social Skills

Interpersonal skills, rule following, and naivete.

Practical Skills

Activities of daily living and health management.

Global Developmental Delay

Temporary diagnosis for children under 5 years old.

Signs of Delay

Indicators of developmental issues at various ages.

Vineland Scales

Assessment tool for evaluating adaptive behavior.

AAIDD

American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Severity Levels

Categorization: mild, moderate, severe, profound.

Support Levels

Intermittent, limited, extensive, pervasive support needs.

Etiology of ID

Hundreds of causes; often unknown for mild ID.

Mild ID Causes

Environmental factors like socioeconomic status and neglect.

Severe ID Causes

Biological origins with multiple associated impairments.

Genetic Disorders

Single gene disorders causing intellectual disabilities.

Down Syndrome

Trisomy 21, a common chromosomal disorder.

Prenatal Environmental Influences

Substance exposure affecting brain development.

Perinatal Influences

Mechanical birth injuries impacting brain health.

Postnatal Influences

Trauma or infections causing brain injury.

Incidence of ID

3rd largest disability category in West Virginia.

Global Prevalence

1-3% of the global population affected by ID.

Social Determinants of Health

Conditions affecting health and risk of diagnosis.

Access to Quality Health Care

Essential for identifying health issues early.

BEST Method

Multifaceted approach for high-risk infant monitoring.

Comprehensive Developmental Evaluation

Assessment involving psychologists and social workers.

IFSP/IEP

Plans addressing individual strengths for children.

Early Intervention

Critical for developing vocational skills in children.

Social and Community Support

Peer interactions influence developmental outcomes positively.

Built Environment

Physical spaces affecting community health and behaviors.

Adaptive Behavior Limitations

Skills needed for independent living assessed.

Mild Intellectual Disability (ID)

Learning challenges; may be employable with support.

Moderate Intellectual Disability (ID)

Slower language development; requires educational support.

Severe Intellectual Disability (ID)

High support needed for communication and daily tasks.

Profound Intellectual Disability (ID)

Limited communication; dependent on caregivers.

Course and Prognosis

Lifelong condition; outcomes vary by individual factors.

Life Expectancy in Mild ID

Similar to general population; generally nonprogressive.

Typical Medical Intervention

Focus on co-occurring conditions, not eliminating ID.

Behavior Management Techniques

Adapt strategies based on cognitive age.

Vocational Skills Support

Job coaches enhance independence and community living.

Recreational Skills Resources

Includes Special Olympics and Disability Action Center.

Client Factors Affected by ID

Values, beliefs, body functions, and structures impacted.

Performance Skills Impacted

Daily living skills affected by individual capabilities.

Interventions for ID

Tailored activities to support individual strengths.

Community Involvement

Encourages use of public transportation for access.

Behavioral Problems Assessment

Evaluate behaviors based on cognitive rather than age.

Psychotropic Medications

Used for mental health issues in individuals with ID.

Neuromuscular Dysfunction Treatment

Botox for spasticity in cerebral palsy cases.

Long-term Teaching

Supports skill acquisition in individuals with ID.

Socialization Importance

Participating in social experiences fosters success.

Environmental Modifications

Adjustments to support individual needs and reduce distractions.