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Symbolism

The use of symbols to represent ideas or concepts beyond their literal meaning.

Simile

A comparison between two things using 'like' or 'as.'

Metaphor

A direct comparison between two unlike things, stating that one is the other.

Dramatic Irony

When the audience knows something that the characters do not.

Situational Irony

When the expected outcome of an event is opposite to what actually happens.

Verbal Irony

When a speaker says one thing but means the opposite.

Hyperbole

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

Tone

The author's attitude toward the subject or audience, often conveyed through word choice and style.

Mood

The atmosphere or emotional feeling the reader experiences from the story.

Point of View

The perspective from which a story is told (e.g., first-person, third-person).

Narration

The act of telling a story, often by a narrator who can be either inside or outside the story.

Setting

The time, place, and environment in which a story takes place.

Theme

The central idea, message, or underlying meaning of a story.

Conflict

A struggle between opposing forces in a story that drives the plot.

Climax

The most intense, exciting, or important point in the story, often where the conflict reaches its peak.

Connotation

The emotional or cultural associations attached to a word, beyond its literal definition.

Dialogue

A conversation between two or more characters in a work of literature.

Stage Direction

Instructions in a play that describe actions, movements, or how a scene is to be performed.

Couplet

Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme and have the same meter.

Alliteration

The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in a sentence or phrase.

Personification

Giving human qualities to non-human things or abstract concepts.

Apostrophe

A figure of speech in which a speaker addresses a person, object, or abstract concept not present.

Allusion

A reference to another text, event, or figure, often from history or literature.

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.

Synecdoche

A figure of speech where a part represents the whole or the whole represents a part.

Foreshadowing

A literary device used to hint at future events in a story.

Ellipsis

The omission of words or phrases that are understood from the context.

Sarcasm

A form of verbal irony that mocks or conveys contempt.

Oxymoron

A combination of contradictory terms.

Paradox

A statement that seems contradictory but reveals a deeper truth.

Parallelism

The repetition of a similar grammatical structure in a series of phrases or sentences.