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  1. Symbolism: The use of symbols to represent ideas or concepts beyond their literal meaning.

  2. Simile: A comparison between two things using "like" or "as."

  3. Metaphor: A direct comparison between two unlike things, stating that one is the other.

  4. Irony (all three types):

    • Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows something that the characters do not.

    • Situational Irony: When the expected outcome of an event is opposite to what actually happens.

    • Verbal Irony: When a speaker says one thing but means the opposite.

  5. Hyperbole: Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

  6. Tone vs Mood:

    • Tone: The author's attitude toward the subject or audience, often conveyed through word choice and style.

    • Mood: The atmosphere or emotional feeling the reader experiences from the story.

  7. Point of View/Narration:

    • Point of View: The perspective from which a story is told (e.g., first-person, third-person).

    • Narration: The act of telling a story, often by a narrator who can be either inside or outside the story.

  8. Setting: The time, place, and environment in which a story takes place.

  9. Theme: The central idea, message, or underlying meaning of a story.

  10. Conflict: A struggle between opposing forces in a story that drives the plot.

  11. Climax: The most intense, exciting, or important point in the story, often where the conflict reaches its peak.

  12. Connotation: The emotional or cultural associations attached to a word, beyond its literal definition.

  1. Dialogue: A conversation between two or more characters in a work of literature.

  2. Stage Direction: Instructions in a play that describe actions, movements, or how a scene is to be performed.

  3. Conflict: A struggle between opposing forces in a story that drives the plot.

  4. Couplet: Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme and have the same meter.

  5. Simile: A comparison between two things using "like" or "as."

  6. Alliteration: The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in a sentence or phrase.

  7. Personification: Giving human qualities to non-human things or abstract concepts.

  8. Apostrophe: A figure of speech in which a speaker addresses a person, object, or abstract concept not present.

  9. Allusion: A reference to another text, event, or figure, often from history or literature.

  10. Anaphora: The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.

  11. Synecdoche: A figure of speech where a part represents the whole or the whole represents a part.

  12. Hyperbole: Exaggerated statements not meant to be taken literally.

  13. Foreshadowing: A literary device used to hint at future events in a story.

  14. Metaphor: A direct comparison between two unlike things.

  15. Dramatic Irony/Situational Irony/Verbal Irony:

  • Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows something the characters do not.

  • Situational Irony: When the expected outcome of an event is opposite to what actually happens.

  • Verbal Irony: When a speaker says one thing but means the opposite.

  1. Symbolism: The use of symbols to represent ideas or concepts beyond their literal meaning.

  2. Ellipsis: The omission of words or phrases that are understood from the context.

  3. Sarcasm: A form of verbal irony that mocks or conveys contempt.

  4. Oxymoron: A combination of contradictory terms.

  5. Paradox: A statement that seems contradictory but reveals a deeper truth.

  6. Parallelism: The repetition of a similar grammatical structure in a series of phrases or sentences.