HEED 101: HISTORY OF HOME ECONOMICS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Before 1521

Year of THE PRE-HISPANIC PERIOD

No formal system of education

Objectives of THE PRE-HISPANIC PERIOD

Sexual division of labor
Men/boys - Metal tools-making - Boat-making - Fishing - Hunting - Horticulture - Trading
Women/girls - Pottery-making - Making of body ornaments - Weaving - Midwifery - Cooking

Curriculum Content of THE PRE-HISPANIC PERIOD

Parents

Teachers of THE PRE-HISPANIC PERIOD

“Tell me” and “show me”

Methods/Strategies in THE PRE-HISPANIC PERIOD

A. Primary Education (1565-1581)
B. Secondary Education (1581-1611)
C. Higher Education (1611-1863)
D. The Royal Decree (1863-1893)

Four Periods during the THE SPANISH COLONIZATION (1521-1898)

To teach the Roman Catholic faith

Objectives of the Primary Education (1565-1581)

- 3 R’s - Christian doctrine - Church history - Dramatics - Spanish and Latin languages - Church services - Singing and playing musical instruments - Arts and trades

Curriculum Content of the Primary Education (1565-1581)

Parish priests

Teachers of the Primary Education (1565-1581)

- Dictation - Memorization - Monitorial - Theatrical performances like moro-moro and cenaculo

Methods/Strategies of the Primary Education (1565-1581)

Parochial schools

Schools/Sites of the Primary Education (1565-1581)

To teach moral standards and communication

To prepare women either for motherhood or religious life (Schools for women)

Objectives of the Secondary Education (1581-1611)

- Theology - Grammar - Arts - Decorative arts - Household arts

Curriculum Content of the Secondary Education (1581-1611)

Students – Spanish youth (extended to Filipinos)

Students – abandoned and orphaned daughters of Spanish officers

Teachers of the Secondary Education (1581-1611)

- Colegio de San Jose, - Colegio de Manila, - Colegio de San Juan de Letran - Colegio de San Ildefonso - Colegio de Santa Potenciana - Colegio de Santa Isabel - Beaterio

Schools/Sites of the Secondary Education (1581-1611)

To provide the church with centers of learning

Objectives of Higher Education (1611-1863)

_____________________________ where missionaries could find solutions to problems encountered in their missions

- Philosophy - Theology - Church Law and Roman Law - Medicine - Pharmacy - Civil Law - Canon Law

Curriculum content of Higher Education (1611-1863)

*Students – Spanish orphan boys

Teachers of Higher Education (1611-1863)

- Elementary education was standardized

- Primary Instruction for all children aged 7-12 was compulsory for all natives

- Schooling was free for the poor

Three events happened during The Royal Decree (1863-1893)

complete system of education
compulsory and free system of education
teacher training institution
gov’t supervision and control of schools
reorganize

Objectives of The Royal Decree (1863-1893):

To establish a ___
To establish a ___
To establish a ___ or normal school
To establish an effective system of ___ and ___
To ___ the curriculum

Normal Schools
- Religion, morals and scared history - Theory and practice of reading and writing - Spanish language - Arithmetic - Principles of geometry - Physical and natural sciences - Agriculture - Rules of courtesy - Vocal and organ music - Elements of pedagogy - 6-month practice training

Curriculum Content of The Royal Decree (1863-1893)

provide everyone education
provide practical training
train teachers

Objectives of (1901-1911) Public School Education

To ___ to enable to participate in self-gov’t and achieve the freest, happiest, and most efficient life possible.

To ___ for some useful occupation

To ___ and thus meet the shortage of teachers handling public school instruction (normal schools)

Grade 4 - Care - Beautification - Sanitation - Sewing
Grade 5 - Cooking - Serving meals
Grade 6 - Diet for the sick - Care and furnishing of the sick room - Care and dressing of infants
Normal schools: 4-year course for teachers and 2-year normal course in provincial high schools
Subjects: - English - Math - Science - History - Hygiene

Curriculum content of (1901-1911) Public School Education

Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Normal schools
Subjects

American soldiers (English)
Filipino teachers

Teachers of (1901-1911) Public School Education

General Todd
some manual occupation
Model Filipino Home

Methods/Strategies of (1901-1911) Public School Education

___ – English as medium of instruction
Training in __________
___ – suitably furnished and equipped where practical work were done

Night school Kindergarten
Philippine Normal School
June 18, 1908 – University of the Philippines by virtue of Act 1870

School/Sites of (1901-1911) Public School Education

Dr. Fred Atkinson, free public education

___ – ensure a system of ___ (Act No. 74 or Educational Act of 1901)

Housekeeping twice a week

1904 – Bulletin No. 7 of the Bureau of Education - ___ (intermediate level)

Philippine School of Arts and Trades

Circular #68 (May 20, 1910) - ___ was chosen to become the distributing center of excellent furniture, needlework, and other native products.

3 to 4

Circular #142 (Oct. 10, 1910) - Primary course was extended from __ to __ years

new books and other reference

Resource Materials: - Circular #4 (Jan. 10, 1910) - Contained requests made for the purchase of ___ and ___ of industrial arts

mailing of blueprint patterns of lace and embroidery

Circular #153 (Oct. 28, 1910) - Ordered the _______ for the teaching of HE

hat products

Circular #79 (Dec. 17, 1910) - Bulletin No. 35 was published w/c contained information on ___: illustrations on preparation of hat fibers, and stages of manufacture of hats.

Lace Making and Embroidery

Circular #43 (Apr. 7, 1911) - Forwarding of Bulletin No. 34 on ___ and ___ to supply one copy to each municipality and intermediate school

pamphlets

Circular #44 (Apr. 1911) - Ordered release of ___ on preparation of jellies, preserves, pickles, and candies from Philippine fruits.

To provide cultural training for Filipino women

Objectives of (1901-1911) Private School Education

*Students – daughters of higher income class

Teachers of (1901-1911) Private School Education

1906 – Sta. Scholastica College
1907 – Centro Escolar de Soñoritas
School of Household Industries (1912) Trained adult women from different provinces lace and embroidery

School/Sites of (1901-1911) Private School Education

To revise the course of instruction
To improve the physical features of the school
To upgrade the teaching force
To systematize the industrial curriculum

Objectives of (1912-1922) Public School Education

Addition of:
- Farming
- Trade and business
- Domestic science
- Agricultural education and management

Emphasis on:
- Handicraft
- Sewing
- Cooking
- Housekeeping

Curriculum content of (1912-1922) Public School Education

Miss Elvessa A. Stewart - Brain of dev’t of HE in public schools

Teachers of (1912-1922) Public School Education

reparation of various kinds of handicraft
Elementary Course in Plain Sewing and Housekeeping

Resource Materials:
- Craftsman (1912) - book on ___
- ___ - textbook for girls in public schools

should be kept open during long vacation

Circular #30 (Mar. 16, 1916) - Ordered that school buildings ___ for the production of embroidery, lace, crochet, and bamboo trays.

economic preparation of sweets, desserts, and other delicacies

Circular #50 (1917) - Teachers should pay attention to the ___________________________.

housekeeping and household arts

Circular #65 (Nov. 5, 1917) - Courses in ___ and ___ should be offered in every intermediate school; attention should be given to the improvement of equipment and buildings for these courses

BS Educ. Major in HE and BS HE

1921 – the UP University Council approved the curricular programs of ___ and ___

For useful womanhood and the training of Filipino women for the home.

Objectives of (1912-1922) Private School Education

- Household arts
- Industrial work

Curriculum content of (1912-1922) Private School Education

Prof. Romana Salud Tirona - Brains of dev’t of HE in private schools

Teachers of (1912-1922) Private School Education

1912 – Silliman Institute 1913 – St. Paul’s College 1919 – Holy Ghost College 1919 – Philippine Women’s College

School/Sites of (1912-1922) Private School Education

evaluate and fiscalize, Philippine public school system

Objectives of (1923-1933) Public School Education

To ___ and ___ the results and achievement of the ______

1925 - PNU new curriculum continued the 4-year domestic science

1929: Infant Care to Child Care and Guidance

1931: Physiology, Hygiene and Sanitation to Personal, Home and Community Hygiene

1931: Chemistry of Foods to Household Science

Curriculum content of (1923-1933) Public School Education

Foods and Nutrition, household management, infant care

Method/Strategies of (1923-1933) Public School Education:

Less time was given to needlework and the acquisition of skills, and more to the study of ________________________, and the like.

(1923-1933) Public School Education

Publication of the fi r s t H E t e x t b o o k during when?

(1923-1933) Public School Education

1 9 2 4 – i n d u s t r i a l w o r k b e c a m e m o r e p r a c t i c a l during when?

Food and Health
The Home

Resource Materials: - (1928) ___ – manual for teachers on food and health - (1933) ___ – new publication

improvement of home conditions and the right attitude for industrial work

C i r c u l a r # 1 1 ( J u l y 1 4 , 1 9 2 3 ) – emphasized the ___ and the ___

Civic Educational lectures

C i r c u l a r # 1 2 ( 1 9 2 6 ) – provides for the ___ with topics on care of children, good manners and right conduct, good citizenship

1 9 2 7

– the term Home Economics became official

promoting HE in schools

Vocational Act 3377 provided an appropriation for ___ (construction of many HE buildings)

Home Extension Service
improve nutrition and to use leisure time wisely

1923 - Mary Y. Orosa founded the ___ in the Philippines, through which the Division of Food Preservation was created. The office aimed to ___ and ___ through dev’t of home crafts.

To develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, vocational efficiency and citizenship training

Objectives of (1935-1940) Commonwealth Period Public School Education

Circular #15 HE in the intermediate years
- Foods
- Clothing & Textiles
- Fine needlework & laces
- Child care & guidance
- Sanitation
- Home nursing
Secondary Level (Type A): vocational subject required
Secondary Level (Type B): vocational subject as elective

Curriculum content of (1935-1940) Commonwealth Period Public School Education

raise their educational attainments

Memorandum #44, s. 1939 - Teachers without professional training were encouraged to ___

Gr. 7
40 to 30
1 to 2 shifts

Educational Act of 1940
- Removal of ___
- HE instruction was reduced from ___ to ___ minutes
- From ___ to ___ of pupils per teacher

(1935-1940) Commonwealth Period Private School Education

Colleges and universities constructed HE buildings in what period?

at least 2 woman trainees

Commonwealth Act No. 85 (1937) - Each province should send ___ to be trained in the Plant Utilization Division on all phases of homemaking.

Home Membership Activities
Home Community Activities

Curriculum content of (1942-1944)

- Introduction of ___ (Gr. 1-6)
- ___ – trained boys and girls to share the responsibility of helping towards the improvement of their homes and community

- Utilization of edible plants from roots to tips

- Emphasis on renovation and remodeling of clothes

- Teaching upcycling

Methods/Strategies of (1942-1944)

To uplift the personal, home and family life of every Filipino

Objectives After the Japanese Occupation (1945)

All girls were required to take HE classes 5 days a week

Curriculum Content After the Japanese Occupation (1945)

value-laden productive leaders
personal and family life and responsible citizenship
different areas of study in HE

Objectives of THE YOUNG REPUBLIC (1946-1971):

UP CHE:
- To develop ___ in specialized areas of HE
- To educate men and women for effective and satisfying ___ and ___
- To prepare leaders in the ___

nutrition and child care and guidance
home and family

Curriculum Content of THE YOUNG REPUBLIC (1946-1971):

1946-1948 – required ___ for 3rd year, and ___ for 4th year HS students

handicraft teachers

Memorandum No. 76, s. 1951 - Upgrade of skills of ___

Summer course

Memorandum No. 8, s. 1956 - ___ in home industries for teachers, adults and out-of-school youths

upgrade teacher skills

Memorandum No. 9, s. 1959 - Summer Training in HE, which aimed to ___ in crafts and home industry activities

unqualified teachers
in-service trainings
HE courses
teachers education program
Proper placement of teachers

Circular #5 and Memorandum #20
- Replacement of ___ with qualified ones
- Provision of ___
- Encouragement of teachers to take ___
- Inclusion of HE courses as part of the ___
- ___ in school

Vitalizing HE Programs for the Enrichment of Family Living

Seminar b y UNESCO National Commission of the Philippines and the Bureau of Public Schools (Feb. 5-10, 1961) - “___”

college preparatory or technical/ vocational course

1956 - Implementation of the General 2-2 plan
- From 3rd to 4th year, HS students were given options:

Phil. Home Economics Association or PHEA
Council of Deans and Heads of HE in the Philippines

NGO:
- 1948 - ___ (founded by Dr. Maria Fe Atienza)
- 1970 – ___ or CODHHEP

Nutrition Week

Memorandum #15, s. 1968 – celebration of ____

items and equipment

Memorandum #17, s. 1968 – grant of ___ and ___ for HE courses

National Health Education Week

Memorandum #52, s. 1968 – observance of ___

HE buildings

Memorandum #61, s. 1968 – construction of ___

environmental sanitation

Memorandum #15, s. 1970 – campaign on ___

personal, family, and community living
HE related jobs and occupations
effective citizenship

Objectives of 1972-1986

To prepare boys and girls for:

- Home economics
- Graphic arts
- Agricultural arts
- Industrial arts
- Home technology

- Human development and family
- Home mgt.
- Food and nutrition
- Clothing and grooming

Curriculum content of 1972-1986

1973 Revised Secondary Education Curriculum – HE as one of the 5 components of Practical Arts:

HE Curriculum includes:

- Home and community experiences
- Make knowledge and skills contribute fully to a better personal and home and family life

Methods/Strategies of 1972-1986

specialization in HE and MA in Teaching HE

Circular No. 11, s. 1972 – revised curricular requirements for MA with ___ and ___

Family Week

Memorandum #93, s. 1974 – celebration of ___

Home Economics Extension Association of the Philippines

NGO:
- 1976 - ___ or HEEAP

- To develop worthy home members
- To use community resources wisely
- To acquire socially accepted skills which will lead to employment or income-generation

Objectives of 1982

Home Economics and Livelihood Education (HELE)
Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP)

Curriculum content of 1982

HELE/EPP
Grade 4 (200 min/wk)
Grade 5 (300 min/wk)
Grade 6 (300 min/wk)

Methods/Strategies of 1982

THE MARTIAL LAW ERA (1982)

The New Elementary School Curriculum (NESC) was implemented when?