The Cognitive Approach

Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Psychology

Focuses on internal mental processes to explain behavior such as perception, language, attention, and memory.

Experimental Procedures

Cognitive psychology uses scientific methods to test behavior.

Multi-store Model of Memory

Theoretical model dividing memory into short-term and long-term memory based on primacy and recency effects.

Ecological Validity

Measures how well experimental results reflect real-life behavior.

Laboratory Experiment

Conducted in controlled settings with low ecological validity.

Field Experiments

Studies conducted in natural settings with higher ecological validity but less control over variables.

Natural Experiments

Observations of naturally occurring situations with high ecological validity but less reliability.

Cognitive Principles

Include limited mental capacity, a control mechanism overseeing processes, and a two-way flow of information.

Computer Analogy

Compares the human brain to a computer in terms of information processing.

Schema

Organizes and interprets information and experiences, assimilating or accommodating new information.

Types of Schema

Include role schemas, event schemas, and self-schemas.

Problems with Schemas

Can hinder learning and lead to prejudice and stereotypes.

Cognitive Neuroscience

Maps human behavior to brain function using brain-imaging techniques.

Methods in Cognitive Neuroscience

Include lesion studies, electrophysiology, and neuroimaging.

Strengths of Cognitive Approach

Considers mental processes and influences therapy development.

Weaknesses of Cognitive Approach

Research often in artificial settings, neglects emotions and individual differences.