Modern World History Honors - Latin America

What was the significance of the Monroe Doctrine, enacted in 1823?

The Monroe Doctrine aimed to prevent further European colonization and interference in the Western Hemisphere, particularly in Latin America.

Who were major independence leaders in Latin America?

Simón Bolívar in Northern South America and José de San Martín in Southern South America.

What event marked Haiti’s formal declaration of independence?

Haiti officially declared independence on January 1, 1804, becoming the first nation to do so through a successful slave revolt.

What were the main positions of the Monroe Doctrine?

1) European powers should not establish new colonies; 2) European monarchs should not meddle in internal politics; 3) The U.S. would not interfere in European politics.

What event escalated U.S. military involvement in Cuba in 1898?

The Spanish-American War, which began over the U.S. desire to 'free' Cuba from Spanish oppression.

What amendment gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs?

The Platt Amendment of 1901.

What was the Cuban Revolution and when did it take place?

A 1959 uprising led by Fidel Castro that overthrew U.S.-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista.

What was the outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962?

The crisis ended with the Soviets agreeing to dismantle missile bases in Cuba in exchange for a U.S. promise not to attack Cuba.

How did U.S. foreign policy in Latin America evolve during the Cold War?

The U.S. supported anti-communist regimes and performed covert operations, often backing authoritarian leaders to counter perceived threats.

What was the impact of U.S. intervention in Guatemala in 1954?

The CIA orchestrated a coup to oust President Arbenz, leading to decades of civil unrest and violence.

What transformation occurred regarding the Monroe Doctrine by 1898?

It shifted from a demand for nonintervention to a justification for U.S. intervention in the Americas.

What was the purpose of the Alliance for Progress established by President Kennedy?

To promote economic development and reform in Latin America as a measure against communism.

Who was Toussaint Louverture?

A former enslaved man who became a leader in the Haitian Revolution and played a crucial role in the fight for independence.

What motivated U.S. actions against Salvador Allende in Chile?

Concerns over his socialist policies and potential alignment with communism led to U.S. support for his overthrow in 1973.