Humanities: Art Test

Byzantine Art

Mostly religious, lacks perspective, figures stacked, important figures larger, unrealistic scale, elongates eyes (piety), iconographic, and androgynous Mary

Byzantine Achievements/Goals

Didactic, religious themes, and iconic figures.

Byzantine Techniques

Stacked figures, use of gold (leaf), stoic, and unemotional figures

Southern Renaissance Art

Illusion of depth to create 3D forms, representational figures portrayed with realistic expressions, emotions, and poses, pyramid figure composition, and naturalism that shows precise anatomy.

Southern Renaissance Achievements/Goals

Humanism, depth and dimension, and realism

Southern Renaissance Techniques

Linear perspective, atmospheric perspective, in scurto, sfumato, and chiaroscuro

Northern Renaissance Art

Humanism of every-day scenes, landscapes, and portraits (marriage and friendship), representational figures portrayed with expressions of grief and mortality to illustrate somber reality, printmaking allowing artists to retain a gothic sensibility, and works were decidedly humble, more toned down view of everyday reality.

Northern Renaissance Achievements/Goals

Ordinary day to day, individual consciousness, natural light, and domestic detail.

Northern Renaissance Techniques

Linear perspective, atmospheric perspective, in scruto, sfumato, and chiaroscuro.

Mannerist Art

Disjointed composition, unnatural figures in twisted/tortured/tense poses, long limbs/bodies, artificial substance that focuses on the spiritual as part of nature rather than representational, and strange and bizarre religious themes

Mannerist Achievements/Goals

Spiritual awakening, anti-classical, and shock value

Mannerist Techniques

Asymmetry, imbalanced, and isolated figures

Baroque Art

Dynamic movement displayed in the tension, motion, and energy (infinite space), narrative and sense of story, psychological focus expressed in figure compositions that was concerned with the inner working of the individual, dramatic composition that is theatrical and mystical, intense spirituality

Baroque Achievements/Goals

Psychological penetration, elaborate detail, and the story of the individual

Baroque Techniques

Chiaroscuro, open form, representational (on the slide it says ressessional but that's not a word)

Linear Perspective

A mathematical system for creating the illusion of space and distance on a flat surface

Horizontal Line

Runs across the canvas at eye-level, the horizon is where the sky appears to meet the ground

Vanishing Point

Located near the center of the horizon line. The single point all parallel lines run toward the horizon line to come together to a single point

atmospheric perspective

Creates a sense of depth in painting by limiting the way the atmosphere makes distant objects appear less distinct and more bluish than they would be if nearby

tondo

Italian for round and the favored shape of pictures hung in private homes

Sfumato

Italian for smoky, the artist coats the object in the picture with layers of thin paint to soften the edges and blur shadows. This creates a dreamlike effect of atmospheric mist/haze

In scurto

Extreme foreshortening that creates intimacy

Charoscuro

"Light and shade" figures have no clear outlines. They emerge into light from shadows high contrast between light and dark creates depth and dimension

Linear and Painterly

L: Figures are clearly outlined (boundaries of each element is clear) P: Figures fused together (contours are lost in shadows)

Planar and Recessional

P: Elements of the paintings are arranged on a scene of planes R: Composition is dominated by figures placed at an angle and depth recedes

Closed form and Open form

C: Self-contained, conveys an impression of stability and balance O: Unlimited space, not contained within frames, figures are dynamic, and movement

Multiplicity and Unity

M: Painting is made up of distinct parts and each figure is clearly filled U: Painting is together through light, no figure is solely distinguished, and colors are blended

Absolute Clarity and Relative Clarity

A: easy to identify an individual R: seen as a whole, focuses on story and object unclear