Powerscalers -- Exam 3

What do ultrasonic powerscalers do?

convert high frequency electrical energy into mechanical energy

What do sonic scalers do?

convert air turbine power into mechanical energy

true or false

long term goals are accomplished through both power scaler and hand instrumentation

true

What elements do power scalers include?

amplitude and frequency

how is amplitude measured

distance of the tip movement in micrometers

what does amplitude determines

power outputs of an instrument

What is amplitude adjustable on

ultrasonic devices

What is frequency based upon

speed of tip movement

How is frequency measured

number of cycles per second the tip moves

air or electrical energyinto mechanical vibration via soundwaves

shatters calc

what is used to control heat that is produced by vibration

water

how is cavitation fromed?

water meeting vibrating tip

How do you know when to use power drive scalers?

biofilm, extrinsic stain, sub and supra calc, subgingival periodontal debridement, furcation areas

What are contraindications

transmitted through aerosol, susceptible to infection, respiratory risk, dysphagia, cardiac pacemaker, demineralization, exposed dentin, thermal injury, restorations, and children

How are pacemakers be interfered with ultrasonic scalers?

electromagnetic interference, newer cardiac devices are less susceptible for interference

what scalers are safer for pacemakers

piezoelectric

how can thermal injury occur

damage to pulp or gingiva if tip overheats

how are children effected by the ultrasonics

primary and newly erupted permanent teeth have large pulp chambers more susceptible to damage from heat and vibrations

how can restorations be effected

increase roughness, scratches, chips, or notches (increases biofilm)

effects on porcelain

remove glase and creates pores

effects on amalgam

scratching, loss of material, creates pores

effects composites

rough surfaces

effects on titanium

damages surface

what are considerations for using

hearing damage, musculoskeletal disorders, magnetic fields, aerosols and spatter

what protective measure do you need to operate a ultrasonic

level 3 mask, prerinse, high volume suction

what is the amplitude sonic scalers

lower than the ultrasonic

what is the frequency of sonic scalers

3-8k (fewer vibrations and less calc removal)

what is the motion of sonic scalers

ellipitcal

what are the active sides of the sonic scalers

all surfaces

what are the units for magnetostrictive (cavitron)?

conventional and ferromagnetic units

what is the magnetostrivtive magnetic field created by

expansion and contraction of metal strips

what is the amplitude of magnetostrictive

more powerful than sonic

what is the frequency of magnetostrictive

convetionation 18-45k and ferromagnetic 42k

what are the frequency of the new units of magnetostrictive

30kHz

what are the frequency of the older units of magnetostrictive

25 kHz

motion of magnetostrictive

ellipitcal

What is a piezo electric?

ceramic rod and crystal transducers hosued in handpiece to activate tip

what is the amplitude for piezo scalers

more powerful than sonic scalers

what is the frequency of piezo electric

25-50 k cps

what is the motion of piezo electric

linear

what are the active sides of piezo electric

lateral sides ONLY

how do you prepare the ultrasonic in clinic?

establish power and water connections, flush for 2 mins, hold handpiece up right to fill with water to elimate trapped air and reduce heat, insert tip, adjust water setting

how do tips vary

for different areas of mouth and levels of deposits

what are standard diameter tips used for

mod- heavy calc

what are thin tips used for

biofilm, light calc, accessing deep pockets

what is a straight tip used for

universal

what is a complex tip used for

multiple bends for accessing line angles and proximal surfaces

what are left and right contra-angled tips used for

root concavities and proximal of posterior

what is a beavertail tip used for

flat wide working end for supra heavy calc stain or ortho cement

what is the power setting for biofilm and light mod calc

low-med power for thin

what is the power setting for mod to heavy calc

med- high for standard

what should the grasp be when handling ultrasonic

balance handle and manage cord with wrist

true or false

hard tissue is not required for fulcruming

true

how should the adaptation be with the ultrasonic

kee side of instrument to tooth surface, tip not directly placed on tooth

true or false

instrument should be moved at all times

true

what type of pressure and stroke should be use with an ultrasonic

feather light with overlapping stroke