BIOL111 Plant structure

Indeterminate growth

Growth that continues throughout a plant's life.

Apical meristems

Regions of cell division located at the tips of plant stems and roots.

Parenchyma cells

Cells that differentiate into dermal, vascular, and ground tissues.

Cotyledons

Structures that serve as an energy source for the germination of a seed.

Dicot seeds

Seeds that contain 2 cotyledons.

Monocot seeds

Seeds that contain 1 cotyledon.

Collenchyma cells

Cells that are unevenly thickened and provide support to soft or growing stems.

Sclerenchyma cells

Supportive cells that are dead at maturity.

Dermal tissue systems

The outer protective covering of plants.

Cuticle

A protective layer that helps reduce evaporation of water from plant surfaces.

Stomata

Openings in the epidermis and cuticle that allow gases to enter and exit the plant.

Guard cells

Cells that control the opening and closing of stomata in response to environmental conditions.

Vascular tissues

Tissues responsible for internal transport within plants.

Xylem

Vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves.

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports sugars produced by photosynthesis to other parts of the plant.