Unit 6 People (pt II)

Andrew Carnegie

STEEL COMPANY (made him $$$); VERTICAL INTEGRATION; GOSPEL OF WEALTH (give back to the poor)

John D. Rockefeller

STANDARD OIL TRUST; his company became a monopoly (no competition from other competitors); HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION

Adam Smith

an economist argued in the Wealth of Nations that mercantilism (including the regulation of trade by gov) was less efficient than allowing businesses to be guided by the impersonal economic force (invisible hand) of the law of supply and demand

Horatio Alger

a novelist that portrayed the hope of self-made men with “honesty, hard work, and a little luck”

Samuel Gompers

leader of the American Federation of Labor (concentrated on higher wages and improved working conditions); led local unions to walk out until they negotiated a newer, fairer (?) contract

Eugene V. Debs

the ARU’s (American Railroad Union) leader; directed railroad workers to not handle any trains with Pullman Cars (Pullman strike); became jailed for his actions in the strike

Jane Addams

most famous settlement house creator (the Hull House; reformer that taught English to immigrants, pioneered early-childhood edu, taught industrial arts, and established neighborhood theaters and music schools

Clarence Darrow

a famous lawyer that argued that criminal behavior could be caused by a person’s environment of poverty, neglect, and abuse; changed ppls views on criminals

Joseph Pulitzer

creator of the first newspaper to exceed a million in circulation (New York’s World); filled paper with stories of crimes and disasters and articles about political and econ corruption

Scott Joplin

a black composer and performer that sold nearly a million copies of sheet music of his “Maple Leaf Rag”; helped expand the audience of jazz

Grover Cleveland

24th POTUS; left the white house after his first term and returned 4 years later; pro-business

William Jennings Bryan

delivered the powerful “Cross of Gold” speech that made him the democratic nominee for pres in 1896; “you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold”

William McKinley

Republican nominee for pres in 1896; best known for his support of a high protective tariff but is also considered a friend of labor

Mark Twain

pen name for Samuel L. Clemens; the first great realist author; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (revealed the greed, violence, and racism in American Society

Jack London

a young California writer and adventurer, portrayed the conflict between nature and civilization in his novels; The Call of the Wild; worshiped by Chris McCandless

Louis Sullivan

rejected historical styles in his quest for TALL, STEEL-FRAMED office buildings

Frank Lloyd Wright

developed an “organic” style of architecture that was in harmony with its natural surroundings; long, horizontal lines of his prairie-style houses

Frederick Law Olmsted

the originator of Landscape Architecture; specialized in the planning of city parks and scenic boulevards; like Central Park and the grounds of the US Capital

Cardinal James Gibbons

A catholic leader that inspired the devoted support of old and new immigrants by defending the Knights of Labor and the cause of organized labor

Walter Rauschenbusch

a baptist minister that lead the Social Gospel movement; worked in poverty-stricken neighborhood of NYC called Hell’s Kitchen and wrote several books urging organized religions to take up the causes of social justice

Susan B. Anthony

a suffragist that helped found the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) to secure the vote for women

Frances Willard

the leader of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Movement; advocated total abstinence from alcohol

Carrie Nation

an impatient temperance supporter that created a sensation by raiding salons and smashing barrels of beer with a hatchet