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Acronym
A word formed from the initial letters of words in a phrase, pronounced as a separate word.
Archaism
Words no longer in common use.
Colloquialism
Informal, conversational word or phrase.
Dialect
Regional language with unique lexis, grammar, and pronunciation.
Dysphemism
Harsh or taboo term used for dark or humorous effect.
Euphemism
Expressing something unpleasant in milder terms.
Expletives
Taboo words, often religious, sexual, or excretory.
Homophonic representation
Using letters/numbers for words based on sound similarity.
Idiom
Phrases not immediately clear from the words used.
Initialism
Abbreviation using initials, pronounced as individual letters.
Jargon
Words specific to a group or profession.
Lexical/semantic field
Words grouped by meaning on a specific subject.
Modifier
Adjectives/adverbs qualifying a noun.
Monosyllabic words
Words with one syllable.
Neologism
Newly coined word for a new idea or thing.
Non-standard spelling
Spelling not widely accepted in English.
Phonetic spelling
Spelling based on word sound, not conventional spelling.
Polysyllabic words
Words with more than one syllable.
Slang
Very informal words peculiar to a specific group.
Superlative
Adjective/adverb expressing the highest degree of a quality.
Note 
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