Electrolysis

Electrolyte

________: substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water and is broken down by electrolysis.

Anion

________: Negatively charged ion that moves to anode.

Na+

________ and OH- ions are left in solution forming sodium hydroxide.

Cation

________: Positively charged ion that moves to cathode.

Brine

________: concentrated aqueous NaCl solution.

→Reduction of positive cations

________ happens at the cathode.

electrolysis aluminum

During ________ (Al3+ + 3e- → Al) is produced at the carbon cathode and oxygen (2O2-- 4e- → O2) at the carbon anode.

metal ions

Positively charged H+ and ________ are attracted to the negative electrode but only one will gain electrons.

metal

If the ________ is above hydrogen in the reactivity series, then hydrogen will be produced and bubbling will be seen at the cathode.

Electrolysis

________: The breakdown of an electrolyte (ionic compound, molten or aqueous solution) by passing an electric current.

OH

Negatively charged ________- ions and non- metal ions are attracted to the positive electrode.

halide solution

If a dilute ________ is being electrolysed, oxygen is formed.

Electrodes

________: Metal or graphite rods that aid the flow of electricity in and out of the electrolyte.

Non metal ions

________ (other than hydrogen) are attracted to the positive electrode.

halide ions

If no ________ are present, then OH- is discharged at the anode, gains electrons and forms oxygen gas.

reactive ion

The product formed depends on which ion loses electrons more readily, with the more ________ remaining in solution.

metal

If the ________ is above hydrogen in reactivity series, then hydrogen will be produced and bubbling will be seen at the cathode.

Electrolysis

The breakdown of an electrolyte (ionic compound, molten or aqueous solution) by passing an electric current

Electrodes

Metal or graphite rods that aid the flow of electricity in and out of the electrolyte

Anode

Positive electrode

Cathode

Negative Electrode

Anion

Negatively charged ion that moves to anode

Cation

Positively charged ion that moves to cathode

Electrolyte

substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water and is broken down by electrolysis

Electroplating

The process of coating the surface of a metal (more reactive) with another metal (less reactive) using electrolysis

Cathode

thin strip of pure metal

Anode

impure metal

Electrolyte

Aqueous Salt Solution of metal

The refining of copper

 Impure copper as the anode and pure copper as the cathode; the aqueous copper (II) sulfate helps the copper ions move from the anode to the cathode

Reaction at Cathode

Cu2+ + 2e Cu (mass increases)

The main ore of aluminum is bauxite

high m.p

Aluminum (III) oxide (alumina) is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na3AlF6)

this mixture has a lower m.p

Brine

concentrated aqueous NaCl solution

Ions present

Na+, H+, Cl- and OH-

Na+ and OH

ions are left in solution forming sodium hydroxide