Definition of learning Basics of classical conditioning and Pavlov Basics of Operant conditioning and Thorndike, Skinner

What is learning in the context of behavior?

A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience.

What process occurs in classical conditioning?

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired.

What happens to a neutral stimulus in classical conditioning?

It becomes associated with a conditioned stimulus.

Who is Ivan Pavlov and what did he study?

A researcher who studied classical conditioning with dogs.

What is an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?

A stimulus that naturally triggers a response, e.g., food.

What is an Unconditioned Response (UCR)?

A natural response to the UCS, e.g., salivation to food.

What is a Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?

A previously neutral stimulus that triggers a conditioned response after association with the UCS, e.g., a bell.

What is a Conditioned Response (CR)?

The learned response to the previously neutral stimulus, e.g., salivation to the bell.

What is operant conditioning?

Learning through consequences of behavior.

What happens to behaviors in operant conditioning?

They are strengthened if followed by reinforcement and weakened if followed by punishment.

Who is Edward Thorndike?

A pioneer in operant conditioning known for the Law of Effect.

Who is B.F. Skinner?

A psychologist who further developed operant conditioning using the Skinner box.

What is reinforcement in the context of behavior?

A process that increases the likelihood of a behavior.

What is positive reinforcement?

Adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior.