AP WORLD HISTORY-

Abbasid Caliphate

A historical Islamic caliphate that declined due to economic collapse, leading to the rise of new powers.

Seljuks

A Turkic group that rose to power after the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Delhi Sultanate

A state in India ruled by sultans and caliphs with both political and religious authority.

Sufism

A mystical Islamic belief that emphasizes personal experience of God and contributed to the spread of Islam in India.

Bhakti Movement

A movement that promoted mystical divinity and rejected caste distinctions, allowing people to live without rigid social standards.

Caste System

A hierarchical social structure in India, where converting to Islam was believed to improve one's standing.

Chinese Civil Service Exam

An examination that determined eligibility for positions in the bureaucracy, primarily based on knowledge of Confucianism.

Gunpowder

An important Chinese invention that contributed to military advancements and change in warfare.

The Colombian Exchange

A period of trade between the New and Old Worlds (Americas and Afro-Eurasia) that had a significant impact on global economies.

Chinampas

Floating gardens created by the Aztecs to optimize agricultural space.

Feudalism

A hierarchical system in medieval Europe based on land ownership and service, involving kings, lords, knights, and serfs.

Manorial System

A self-sufficient estate served by serfs who were bound to the land and could not leave without permission.

Primogeniture

A system where the oldest son inherits all of the family land.

Protestant Reformation

A movement initiated by Martin Luther that criticized church practices and led to the split from the Roman Catholic Church.

Ottoman Empire

A powerful Islamic empire that, under leaders like Akbar, tolerated different religions and allowed the emergence of Sikhism.

Zanj Rebellion

A revolt by enslaved Zanj laborers against Abbasid rule, demonstrating resistance to oppressive conditions.

Syncretism

The blending of different religious and cultural practices; seen in African religions integrating traditions.

Griots

West African storytellers and oral historians, significant for cultural preservation and empowering women.