Rindfuss and Brauner-Otto 2008

Higher level of education

________: more chances to want a career as opposed to having a job.

Independent

________ household= necessary pre- condition for having children.

Social norms

________: play a role in the sequencing of events.

Timing changes

major component of the low levels of period fertility in countries

Women have children older

decreases TFR

Institutions

set of norms or rules, formal or informal, which guide relationships among role occupants in areas of structured social interactions and organizations

Policies

formal norms or rules within institutions, and exist until formally changed

multi-country units + sub-national units

Appropriate macro units for studying institutions

Timing changes

strongly influence cohort size

caring

there is an increase in the time mothers spend _____ for their children - active care

low-fertility trap hypothesis

postponement of fertility produces small cohorts and children from these small cohorts may grow up knowing many adults who had only 1 child or no children

fewer

Timing and number issues are positively correlated: later means _____

Childrearing

generates incompatibility with other roles

Supervisory child care

mother has the responsibility of ensuring the appropriate supervision is in place

Social norms

play a role in the sequencing of events

Education

_____ occupies more young adult years of men and women

prior

Increase in educational enrollment led to women’s preferences for establishing themselves in the labour market ____ to becoming mothers

Spread of education

women postpone childbearing

Starting schooling at a younger age

earlier start of childbearing

return

Important factor: extent to which it is possible to ______ to school once one has left for a period of time

Openness

_____ of the educational system

earlier

More vocationally-specific education systems may lead to _____ childbearing

leaves, market

Important factors: maternity ______, policies, openness of the labour _______

Family leaves

delay entering parenthood

penalty

Mothers suffer a substantial ______ when they return to the labour market

Uncertainty to find a job after childrearing

makes women postpone childbearing

Higher level of education

more chances to want a career as opposed to having a job

Availability of part-time jobs

ease mothers re-entry into the labour market

children

Independent household is becoming a necessary pre-condition for having _______