________: more chances to want a career as opposed to having a job.
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Independent
________ household= necessary pre- condition for having children.
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3
Social norms
________: play a role in the sequencing of events.
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4
Timing changes
major component of the low levels of period fertility in countries
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5
Women have children older
decreases TFR
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Institutions
set of norms or rules, formal or informal, which guide relationships among role occupants in areas of structured social interactions and organizations
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Policies
formal norms or rules within institutions, and exist until formally changed
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multi-country units + sub-national units
Appropriate macro units for studying institutions
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9
Timing changes
strongly influence cohort size
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caring
there is an increase in the time mothers spend _____ for their children - active care
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low-fertility trap hypothesis
postponement of fertility produces small cohorts and children from these small cohorts may grow up knowing many adults who had only 1 child or no children
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fewer
Timing and number issues are positively correlated: later means _____
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Childrearing
generates incompatibility with other roles
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Supervisory child care
mother has the responsibility of ensuring the appropriate supervision is in place
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Social norms
play a role in the sequencing of events
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Education
_____ occupies more young adult years of men and women
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prior
Increase in educational enrollment led to women’s preferences for establishing themselves in the labour market ____ to becoming mothers
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Spread of education
women postpone childbearing
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Starting schooling at a younger age
earlier start of childbearing
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return
Important factor: extent to which it is possible to ______ to school once one has left for a period of time
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Openness
_____ of the educational system
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earlier
More vocationally-specific education systems may lead to _____ childbearing
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leaves, market
Important factors: maternity ______, policies, openness of the labour _______
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Family leaves
delay entering parenthood
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penalty
Mothers suffer a substantial ______ when they return to the labour market
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Uncertainty to find a job after childrearing
makes women postpone childbearing
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Higher level of education
more chances to want a career as opposed to having a job
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28
Availability of part-time jobs
ease mothers re-entry into the labour market
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29
children
Independent household is becoming a necessary pre-condition for having _______
Studied by 1 person
