World War One

What is Nationalism?

The devotion to one’s nation.

What is Militarism?

The glorification of the Military.

What countries made up the Triple Alliance?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

What countries made up the Triple Entente?

France, Russia, and Great Britain.

Who’s assassination helped to spark WW1?

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Who assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand?

Gavrilo Princip

What 3 countries rulers were all first cousins?

Russia, Great Britain, and Germany.

Who was the ruler of Germany at the start of WW1?

Kaiser William II

What day was Francis assassinated?

June 29th, 1914

What was the sequence of events that started the WW1?

• Austria-Hungary sends Serbia an ultimatum

• Serbia declines

• Russia mobilizes it’s troops against Austria-Hungary, which causes Germany to declare war on Russia

• France then declares war on Austria-Hungary and Germany

• Germany breaks Belgian Neutrality

• Great Britain declares war on Germany

What were the main causes of WW1? (Hint: MANIA.)

M - Militarism

A - Alliances

N - Nationalism

I - Imperialism

A - Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand.

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A plan by Germany to prevent fighting a two front war.

Details: Germany would attempt to end the war against France quickly by attacking through Belgium and quickly capturing Paris. Once France was taken out of the war it could send all troops to Russia.

What was the Rape of Belgium?

When German troops moved through the neutral Belgium to get to France, they terrorized the Belgium people. Their actions were used by Great Britain and France to make propaganda.

What was the name for the 450 miles stretch of trenches called?

The Western Front

Which type of force suffered more losses- Attacking forces, or Defending Forces? Why?

Attacking Forces. Defending Forces had the safety of the trench, and could take cover much easier.

What was the first battle marked the first large-scale use of chemical warfare?

Battle of Yrpres, 1915.

What happened in the Battle of Yrpres?

German forces fired 170 tons of chlorine gas at French troops killing over 1000 troops and injuring 8000.

What were planes used for in WW1?

Spy missions, bombing, and aerial duels.

What were some of the negatives of trench warfare?

• Trench foot

• Lice

• Rats

What was No Man’s land?

The area between opposing forces- or trenches. The land was practically destroyed by all the artillery, leaving it in blasted ruin.

How many French soldiers were killed in the first 3 months of the war?

1 million

In 1914, what fraction of all Americans were foreign born?

1/3

What did Isolationist believe, and what did Interventionist believe?

Isolationist wanted America to stay out of foreign wars and affairs, believing that it was none of their business. Interventions believed that the war affected America’s interests, as that were should intervene on the Entente’s side/.

What are Contraband Goods?

Weapons, or any other items used to fight a war.

What are Non-Contraband Goods?

Food, medicine, and non-military items.

What was the name of the passenger ship that was sunk, which helped push America into WW1?

Lusitania

What was the name of the letter German sent to Mexico?

Zimmermann Note

What did the Council of National Defense do?

Educate the public on the nature and causes of the war, along with making War Propaganda.

What were Conscientious Objectors?

People who’s Moral or Religous beliefs forbid them to fight in wars

What was the Espionage Act?

An act that allowed Postal Authorities to ban treasonable or seditious newspapers, magazines, or printed material from the male.

What was the Sedition Act?

An act that limited the freedom of speech, prohibiting any speech that was negative towards the US Military or Government.

What did the Triple Entente become, and what countries were apart of it?

The allied powers.

Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States

What did the Triple Alliance become, and what countries were apart of it?

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman empire.

Who staged a communist revolution in Russia?

Vladimir Lenin

Who was the commander of the U.S. Forces in Europe?

General John J. Pershing

What was the name of the forces under John J. Pershing?

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

What were American Troops nicknamed?

Doughboys

What was the “heart” of President Wilsons’s 14 points?

Peace without Victory

What were Wilson’s 14 points?

1. Make no secret agreements

2. Allow freedom of the seas during peace and war

3. Remove as many economic trade barriers as possible between possible

4. Reduce stockpile of military to lowest point needed for domestic safety

5. Adjust colonial claims, giving more weight to the views of colonized people

6. Evacuate and restore Russian territories seized during war

7. Restore & Protect Belgium Sovereignty

8. Restore french territory and settle the debate between Alsace-Lorraine

9. Adjust Italy’s borders according to the population living there

10. Allow people of the former Austrian-Hungarian Empire to choose their own government

11. Redraw boundaries of Balkan states based on nationalities and historical allegiances.

12. Separate Ottoman Empire into independent countries according to Nationality, give all nations access to the Dardanelles

13. Restore and protect Poland as a sovereign nation with access to the sea

14. Establish an association of nations to provide collective security and ensure peace

What happened to Wilson’s 14 points?

They were denied by both the Paris Peace Conference and Congress

How many people died from the Great Plague?

50 million

What were politicians who did not want America to get involved with world politics called?

Irreconcilables

What were Senators who only wanted small changes, and didn’t want a treaty called?

Reservationists