Social-Emotional Development and Perception

These flashcards cover key concepts in social-emotional development, perception, memory, cognition, and related psychological theories, based on the lecture notes.

What are the four main parenting styles according to social-emotional development?

Authoritative, authoritarian, neglectful, and permissive.

What does secure attachment in children indicate?

Secure attachment indicates a strong emotional bond where the child feels safe and confident.

What was the purpose of the Strange Situation experiment?

To assess attachment styles in children.

What are the types of insecure attachment?

Avoidant, anxious, and disorganized attachment.

What is contact comfort in the context of attachment studies with monkeys?

The comfort derived from physical touch and contact with a caregiver.

What is egocentrism in adolescent peer relationships?

The inability to see a situation from another person's perspective.

What is the 'imaginary audience' phenomenon?

The belief that others are constantly observing and evaluating one's behavior.

What is Marcia's identity development model?

It includes identity achievement, identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, and identity moratorium.

Define 'adverse childhood experiences' (ACE).

Experiences in childhood that negatively impact development and well-being.

What is top-down processing?

Perception that is influenced by expectations and prior knowledge.

What are monocular depth cues?

Depth cues that can be perceived using one eye, such as relative size and interposition.

Explain the concept of inattentional blindness.

The failure to notice a fully visible but unexpected item because attention is engaged elsewhere.

What is the difference between recall and recognition in memory retrieval?

Recall is remembering without cues, while recognition is remembering with retrieval cues.

What is the Levels of Processing Model of memory?

A model that emphasizes the depth of processing, with shallow to deep processing impacting memory retention.

Define sensory adaptation.

The decreased sensitivity to a stimulus after prolonged exposure.

What are the two types of pain receptors in the tactile system?

Pain receptors and soft pressure receptors.

What are depressants and name examples.

Drugs that slow down the central nervous system; examples include alcohol, Xanax, and Ambien.

What sleep stage is associated with dreaming and rapid eye movement?

REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.

What is insomnia?

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.

What is the role of melatonin in sleep?

Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.

What does the term 'cognitive load' refer to in the context of working memory?

The amount of mental effort being used in the working memory.

What is framing in decision making?

The way information is presented which can influence decision outcomes.