Unit 5 - APUSH LEQ STUDYING

American Colonization Society

The organization that promoted sending free African Americans to Africa to create a new country (Liberia).

American Party (Know-Nothings)

Anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic and supported very strict immigration limits.

American Woman Suffrage Association

A suffrage group that supported the 15th Amendment and worked for women’s voting rights.

Anti-Catholic Movement

A nativist campaign that was against Catholic immigrants and accused them of being loyal to the Pope.

Assimilation

Forcing Natives or immigrants to adopt white American culture.

Black Codes

Southern laws that restricted the freedom of freed enslaved people and tried to force them into plantations.

Bleeding Kansas

Violent fights between anti and pro-slavery settlers after the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Carpetbagger

Northern migrants that moved South during Reconstruction.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Law that gave African Americans equal access to public accommodations.

Compromise of 1850

Deal that admitted CA as a free state, enforced the Fugitive Slave Act, allowed popular sovereignty in new states.

Comstock Lode

Silver deposits in Nevada.

Contrabands

Escaped enslaved people who fled to the Union’s lines during the Civil War.

Convict Leasing

Southern system where you rented prisoners to private companies for labor.

Copperheads (Peace Democrats)

Northern Democrats that opposed the Civil War and wanted peace.

Crime of 1873

Nicknamed by people that supported silver on Congress’s decision to end silver coins and adopt a gold-only national currency.

Crittenden Compromise

The last attempt to avoid secession - proposed to extend the Missouri Compromise to the Pacific.

Draft (conscription)

Forced enlistment of people into the Union or Confederate armies.

Dred Scott vs. Sandford

Ruled that enslaved people were not citizens and that Congress couldn’t ban slavery in states/territories.

Fetterman Massacre

Lakota Sioux killed 80 U.S. soldiers and increased tensions on the Great Plains.

Fifteenth Amendment

Made it so everyone could vote.

Forty-niners

People who rushed to the Gold Rush in California.

Fourteenth Amendment

Guaranteed birthright citizenship.

Free Soil Movement

Political effort to stop slavery from expanding west.

Freedmen's Bureau

Federal agency that gave food, schools, and legal help to freed enslaved people in the South.

Freedman’s Savings and Trust

Bank for African Americans - collapsed in 1874.

Freeport Doctrine

Claimed that slavery could be kept out of territories by local laws.

Fugitive Slave Act

Required people to help capture escaped enslaved people.

Gadsden Purchase

The U.S. bought land from Mexico to build a transcontinental railroad.

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln’s speech that redefined the Civil War as a struggle to keep freedom.

Gold Rush

Migration to California after gold was found there.

Gold Standard

A system where the currency is backed by gold.

Greenbacks

Paper money printed by the Union during the war.

Habeas corpus

The right to be charged with a crime before being put in jail.

Homestead Act

Gave settlers moving West 160 acres of land if they worked on it for 5 years.

Jim Crow

System of segregation laws that enforced racial separation after Reconstruction.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Created popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska.

King Cotton

Southern belief that cotton exports would force Britain and France to support the Confederacy.

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacist group formed after the Civil War.

Lecompton Constitution (Kansas)

Proslavery constitution proposed for Kansas.

Little Big Horn

Battle where Sioux and Cheyenne defeated Custer’s 7th Cavalry.

Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock

Rules that gave Congress power to break treaties with the Natives.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the U.S. was destined by God to expand across North America.

March to the Sea

Sherman’s march from Atlanta to Savannah to destroy Confederate buildings.

Minor vs. Happersett

Ruled that the 14th Amendment didn’t grant women voting rights.

Minstrel Shows

Racist shows where white performers in blackface mocked African Americans.

Morrill Act

Gave land to states to fund farming and technical colleges.

National Woman Suffrage Association

Racial suffrage group led by Stanton and Anthony and pushed for Constitutional amendments.

Nativism

Anti-immigrant and Catholic movement.

Nullification

Belief that states could ignore federal laws.

Ostend Manifesto

Secret plan to buy Cuba.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Ruled that segregation was upheld with separate but equal.

Popular sovereignty

Idea that settlers could vote on whether slavery was allowed.

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Divided South into military districts and required new state governments and ratified the 14th Amendment.

Sand Creek Massacre 1862

CO militia that killed over 150 peaceful Cheyenne.

Scalawag

Southern whites that supported Reconstruction.

Scorched earth campaign

Sheridan’s destruction of resources in the Shenandoah Valley to weaken the Confederacy.

Secession

When Southern states left the Union after Lincoln was elected president.

Sectionalism

Growing division between North, South, and West over slavery, taxes, and power.

Sharecropping

A system used in the South after the Civil War - landowner allows tenants to use the land but they have to give a share of their crops to the owner.

Slaughter-House Cases

Supreme Court decision that limited the 14th Amendment by distinguishing citizenship.

Social Darwinism

“Survival of the fittest.”

Ten Percent Plan

Reconstruction plan when 10% of a Confederate state’s voters swore loyalty and they could form a new government and be readmitted.

Tenure of Office Act

Law that restricted the president’s removal of certain officeholders.

Thirteenth Amendment

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude.

Total War

A military strategy that targets the enemy's economy and infrastructure as well as its army.

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad connecting the east and west.

Treaty of Kanagawa

Opened Japanese ports to American ships and began U.S. and Japan trade relations.

Underground Railroad

Network of secret routes and safehouses that help enslaved people escape to Canada.

Union League

Northern and Southern Republican clubs during Reconstruction that mobilized African American voters.

United States v. Cruikshank

Supreme Court decision that limited the federal enforcement of civil rights.

Wade-Davis Plan

Republican plan for Reconstruction requiring that a majority of white males swear loyalty, not just 10%.

War Democrats

Northern Democrats that supported the Union war effort but not the Republican policies.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed but failed amendment that would’ve banned slavery in the new territories from Mexico.

Wounded Knee

Massacre of Sioux by U.S. troops at Wounded Knee Creek and was considered the end of large scale Native American resistance on the Plains.