Science Sun quiz

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Mass

Amount of matter in a substance

Basic mass unit

Grams

Volume

Amount of space something occupies

Basic volume unit

ml liquid, cm³ solid

Whats denser, Salt water or fresh water

Salt water, the salt adds mass

Whats denser, hot or cold water

Cold water, hot molecules expand

What shape is the sun

spheriod

what is the sun made of

gas and plasma

what holds the sun together

Balance and Thermal pressure (Hydrostatic equilibrium)

whats a spheriod

Not a perfect sphere, a smooth surface that is elongated at the poles or equator

whats plasma

Considered a 4th state of matter, It is a gas that has been energized where some electrons break free from but travel with their nucleus, most common state of matter in the universe

What is a spheriod, a football or basketball

A football is a spheriod, a basketball is round

why is earth a spheriod

It flatens at the polles and buldges at the equator

T/F the sun is a huge ball of plasma

true

What does the suns energy do to the Helium and Hydrogen atoms

Rips the electrons off helium and hydregon molocules that makes up the sun

Law of conservation of matter

a fundamental principle of classical physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.

Who created the gun barrel experiment

Antoine Lavoisier

What is E=mc²

E=energy M=mass C²=speed of light squared, matter can be converted into energy and energy can be converted into matter

Where and when do fussion occur

in the earths core, When the sun reaches 10000000M K

what is fussion in the sun

4 hydregon atoms fuse to form one helium atom, a electron and a proton

If helium is less massive then the 4 hydregon, what happens to the mass left over

it is transfered into energy

why can a photon can take 100-200 years to reach photosphere

all the photons creat essentialy a traffic jam, with all the photons trying to escape they dont have much room to move.

How long is the sun going to keep fusing Hydregon into helium

another 5 billion years

study slide 23

actually

What is the suns diameter

1.4 million KM, this is 110 times earth

how many earths could the sun hold

about 1 million

What is the mass of the sun compared to planets in our solar system

745 times greater than all other planets combined and ~300,000 times greater than Earth

How hot is the sun

6000C at the visable surface and 15M inside the core

How many elements are in the sun

67

How much of each elements are in ethe sun

75% H, 24 percent He, 1% is made up of heavier elements, mainly carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, magnesium, silicon and iron. 

What are the layers of the sun from inside out

Core, radiative zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona

Discribe the core

where fussion takes place

discibe the radiative zone

Energy moves in EMR

Convection zone

Transfer of energy by moving matter. Heat by the radiative zone, gases will rise and fall in convection currents.

Photosphere

Composed of gasses rising from the convection zone. Visible “surface”. Sometimes called first layer of atmosphere. The energy released peaks in the visible light part of the EM spectrum.   

Chromosphere

above the photosphere (only visible during total solar eclipse) 4,000-50,000 C.  Comprised of jets of outward flowing gas. starts to heat up again

Corona

It is this high magnetic field and the stream of particles moving away from the Sun that MIGHT be the cause of the larger temperature spike.

What part of the sun rotates faster

The equatorial region of the Sun rotates faster ( 25 days) than the poles ( 33 days).

Sun spots

trong magnetic fields are produced during rotation.  Where the field is the strongest it can inhibit convection. This will cause the surface to cool (3000 °C) and appear to be darker than the rest of the photosphere.

What did Galileo discover in the early 1600s

the sun spots rotate with the sun

What did Galileo prove

The sun rotates around something aswell

How long is a sunspots cycle

11 years

Solar prominence

Great clouds of glowing gases, form huge arches that reach high above the Sun’s surface. Each follows curved lines of magnetic force from a region of one magnetic polarity to a region of the opposite magnetic polarity.

Solar flares

an explosive release of energy that comes from the sun and that is associated with magnetic disturbances on the Sun’s surface

what impact do solar flares have on earth

They can cause radio, TV, and electrical grid interference on Earth.

What more violent a solar flare or prominence

a solar flare, they can last from minutes-hours, reach 20M celcius, and release the equivalent of nearly 2 billion megatons of TNT.

Define Coronal Mass Ejections (CME's)

a part of coronal gas that is thrown into space from the Sun.  Also a danger to electrical grids.

Whats solar wind

 Electrically charged particles streaming from the corona.  These ions travel at speeds of 250-800 km/sec and travel through the entire solar system.  They escape the Sun’s gravity because of their high temperatures. 

how much mass does the sun loose from solar wind

The Sun continuously “loses” 1 million tons/sec this way, but is only a total of 0.1 % smaller in mass since it’s formation 4.7 BYA

What is the magnetosphere

the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth.

What is thought to be the cause of magnetism

Earth’s liquid and solid Fe and Ni rotating cores

How is the magnetosphere formed

the interaction of the solar wind with Earth’s magnetic field. 

What are Auroras

Light produced by charged particles from the solar wind and from the magnetosphere that react with and excite the oxygen and nitrogen of Earth’s upper atmosphere

where do you usually see Auroras

Near earths magnetic poles