Physics Exam Review

Review flashcards for the upcoming physics exam.

What is temperature?

Measure of the hotness and coldness of a substance or object.

What is heat?

Measure of the total internal energy contained in a body.

What is the principle of conservation of heat?

The heat lost by the hot object is equal to the heat gained by the cold object.

What is thermal expansion?

When matter is heated, it expands and when cooled it contracts.

What happens when a solid is heated?

Molecules vibrate more violently and the solid expands in all directions.

How does the expansion of various solids compare?

Different materials expand by different amounts for the same rise in temperature.

What happens when a liquid is heated?

Motion of molecules increases, and they spread farther apart, so the liquid occupies a greater volume.

How does the expansion of various gases compare?

When equal volumes of various gases are heated equally, they expand or contract at the same rate.

How does particle behavior relate to expansion?

Particles move further apart and increase the volume; kinetic energy increases.

What is unusual about the expansion of water?

When cooled to 4 degrees C water contracts but between 4 degrees C and 0 degrees C it expands.

How can stuck glass tumblers be separated?

Fill the top glass with a little ice and put the bottom into a bowl of warm water.

How can a tightly screwed bottle cover be removed?

The hot water makes the bottle top to expand more than the glass bottle neck.

What is a bimetallic strip?

Two equal lengths of different metals are riveted together so that they cannot move separately.

What is Newton's First Law of Motion

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force.

What is Newton's Second Law of Motion

Force F acting on an object of mass m to cause acceleration a is directly proportional to the product of mass and acceleration.

What is Newton's Third Law of Motion

For every force acting on an object, there is an equal and opposite force of reaction acting on the other object.

What is inertia?

An object's resistance to a change in its state of motion.

What is linear momentum?

The product of its mass and its velocity.

What is the Resulant force

FR = force of action - force of reaction.

What is The Law of Conservation of Momentum

When two or more objects act on each other, their total momentum remains constant, provided no external forces are acting.

What is Static or limiting frictional force?

Occurs when a force is applied to overcome frictional force and change the momentum of the body you want to move

What is Frictional force?

Force which acts to oppose motion.

What is Terminal velocity?

Maxium, constant velocity reached by an object falling through a vacuum and fluids.

What is a force?

A pull or push.

What is an Elastic material?

Material that springs back to its original shape when deformed and the force has been removed.

What is Hooke's law?

For a helical spring or other elastic material, the extension e is directly proportional to the applied force F, provided the limit of elasticity is not exceeded.

For A spring what the relationship between stretching a force and the extension?

The extension is directly proportional to the stretching force.

What is Bimetallic thermostat?

A switch which uses the expansion and contraction of the bimetallic strip.

How Bimetallic thermometer works?

The bimetallic strip coils itself into an even tighter spiral as the temperature rises.

Define Newton's first law?

A body continues to move at constant velocity unless acted upon by a force.

What is Centripetal force?

The force which acts on an object towards the centre of a circle to keep the object moving in a circle.

What is the Principle of Moments States

Clockwise moment = anticlockwise moment.

What is Torque?

An object’s measure of energy and rotation.

What is Centre of mass

The point on the object where all the mass is said to be focused.

What is Centre of gravity?

. The point through which the earth’s gravitational force acts on the object.

What is Magnetic substances?

These are substances that are attracted to a magnet.

What is Magnetisation?

The process of making a magnetic material become a magnet.

What is hard magnetic material?

A steel metal keeps the induced magnetism and it becomes a permanent magnet.

What is Demagnetisation

The removal of magnetism from an object.

What is the Right-hand grip rule

The thumb points in the direction of current and the fingers point in the direction of magnetic field.

List main parts of Moving-coil loudspeaker

Free-to-vibrate coil in the field of permanent magnet & a stiff paper cone attached

Why produces emfs from in a magnetic field?

Force proportional to speed: so moving a wire through a magnetic field causes current low.

How bar Magnet Works?

When moving wire (up down) cuts magnetic field at rt angle, EMF is forced 2low .

What the state Faraday’s law

emf in Conductor speed of motion: increase speed = greater emf.

What the state Lenz’s law

Size of 1 Induced EMF actions opposition change produced.

. Generators convert mechaniCL energy into?

Coil rotates in magnetic field: induces current with brushes.

How digital circuit works?

Series of pulses with greater effect: higher quality & not lose power.

How transformer work

Two coils (solenoids): 1 connected 2 power supply (primary) one other load symbol.

What “step-up” transformer

Improves low to high Voltage; secondary turn greater to primary

Conductor, Semiconductors and Insulator different conditions

Bands theory :

Improving the Conductivity: Heat and Doping, Extrinsic Semiconductors.

Free Electrons at condition Band :

• Alpha particles are Helium atoms: Nuclear Radiation.

Isotopes and Stable Artificial Nuclides. * Cobalt – 60 emits gamma rays.

Nuclear Decay: alpha and beta Particle with half-life of radioactive Isotopes.

Gamma emits shorter Wavelength :

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