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Thermal energy

Energy that can be transferred and transformed.

Particle Theory

Describes matter as particles in constant motion.

Thermal energy

Energy that can be transferred and transformed.

Particle Theory

Describes matter as particles in constant motion.

Heat

Transfer of thermal energy between objects, measured in Joules (J).

Temperature

Average kinetic energy of particles, measured in degrees Celsius (℃).

Sun's Energy

Primary source of energy for Earth and living organisms.

Solid State

Definite shape, strong particle attraction, particles vibrate in place.

Liquid State

Takes shape of container, moderate particle attraction, particles move freely.

Gas State

Shape of container, weak particle attraction, particles move freely and far apart.

Conduction

Heat transfer through direct contact.

Convection

Heat transfer through fluid movement.

Radiation

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.

Greenhouse Effect

Trapping of heat by greenhouse gases, leading to global warming.

Insulated Clothing

Apparel that traps air to maintain warmth.

Building Insulation

Material preventing heat transfer in structures.

Green Roofs

Roofs covered with vegetation for insulation.

Energy-Efficient Buildings

Designs minimizing energy consumption for sustainability.