Phylogenies BIO101

Carophytes

Multicellular green algae: minimal cell specialization or vascular tissue

Bryophytes

First terrestrial plants, no specialized vascular tissue (moss)

Seedless Vascular Plants

Plants with specialized vascular tissue for transporting food and water (ferns)

Gymnosperms

Male gametes (pollen) released into wind. Fertilization of other plant by random chance (wind). (Conifers)

Angiosperms

Pollen transferred directly to another plant by pollinators. (Flowering plants)

Sponges

Animals without any internal organs or tissues. (Wiggly flagulated cells)

Cnidarians

Animals with radial symmetry, decentralized nervous system. (Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals)

Flatworms

Animals with flat body’s (no body cavity) and bilateral symmetry. (Tapeworms)

Roundworms

Animals with false body cavity (psuedocoelom)

Mollusks

Animals with true body cavity and shell

Gastropods (mollusks)

Snails, slugs, coneshells

Bivalves (mollusks)

Clams, mussels, oysters

Cephalopods (mollusks)

Squids, octopus

Annelid Worms

Animals with true body cavity and segmented bodies (earthworms, Leeches, sea mouse)

Arthropods

Animals with segmented bodies and an Exoskeleton

Crustaceans (arthropods)

Usually aquatic, 5-10 pairs of legs. (Lobster, crabs, rolly poly (isopod))

Centipedes and Millipedes (arthropods)

Terrestrial, 20-50 pairs of legs, obvious segmentation. Predatory and fast moving.

Insects (arthropods)

3 pairs of legs, 2 pairs of wings

Echidnoderms

Animals with radial symmetry as adults and Bilateral symmetry as larvae. (Sea cucumber, starfish, sea urchins)

Chordates

Animals with a notocord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gills, and a post anal tail)

Sharks and Rays (chordates)

Skeletons made from cartilage

Bony Fish (chordates)

Skeletons made from bone)

Amphibians

Aquatic larvae, terrestrial adults (salamanders, frogs)

Reptiles (chordates)

Eggs with shells (turtles, lizards, snakes)

Mammals

Hair, nurse their young (whales, dolphins, platypus, manatees, sea lion, human, etc)