EMC Unit 2

History of EMS, Ethics/Legalities, Anatomical Postitions, Anatomy/Quadrants

What were people transported to the hospital in before ambulances?

Hearses

When did care begin before EMS?

once the Pt got to the hospital

What did we learn from that led to EMS change?

The wars (Korea, Vietnam, etc)

What did the Highway Safety Act of 1966 do for the EMS

Allowed the DOT (Department of Transportation) the ability to develop the EMS

What TV show led to the widespread paramedic units we have today?

Emergency!

How many paramedic units were in North America in 1972?

12

By 1977, how far away (in minutes) was the average American from an ambulance or paramedic unit?

10 minutes

What are the levels of Emergency Response Training from least to most in-depth/complex?

Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)

Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)

Advanced EMT (AEMT or AMT)

Paramedic 

What is the Golden Hour?

The prime first hour when the Pt should receive care to have the best chance for survival

What are Standing Orders?

A set of protocols that do not require checking with a base doctor to enact

What is Standard of Care?

The expected care to be provided by EMT

What is Duty to Act?

Your legal obligation to provide care

What is Scope of Practice?

Actions/Care EMTs are legally allowed to perform (varies by state)

What should you do if the Pt is a child and the parent is refusing to allow you to help the Pt who is clearly in need of help and the adult seems altered or otherwise unable to make that decision?

Call the cops

When do you have Implied Consent?

If the patient is altered, unable to respond, or a minor without a guardian present

What should you make sure to do if a Pt refuses treatment?

Make sure they are of sound mind, understand the consequences, and DOCUMENT

What is a DNR?

Do Not Resuscitate order that can limit the amount of care that can be provided (NOTE: Each if different, so begin/continue care until it is consulted and can be abided by specifically)

What are the 4 obvious signs of death where and EMT can declare death?

Decapitation, rigor mortis (2-12 hours after death), decomposition, or lividity (blood pooling from the effects of gravity)

What is Anatomical Position?

Standing up facing forward with feet and palms facing front

What in an Anterior view?

From the front

What is a Posterior view?

From the back

What does it mean to be Supine?

Laying on your back, stomach up

What does it mean to be Prone?

Laying on your stomach, back up

What is Recumbent Position?

Recovery Position: Laying on your side (right  of left will be dictated in the name as applicable) with bottom arm reaching up under head, the other across body and bent to be palm on the floor and top leg bent at an angle to keep the body from rolling forward

What is Fowler’s Position?

Sitting with back elevated to 45-60 degrees from the ground/seat

What is Trendelenburg Position?

Laying on the back with legs elevated above the head

When should you use Fowler’s Position?

If the Pt is having difficulty breathing/chest pain or experiencing n/v

When would you not use Trendelenburg Position?

If the Pt has a suspected head/spine injury

What are the 5 parts of the spine in order from top to bottom including how many vertebrae are in each section

Cervical - 7

Thoracic - 12

Lumbar - 5

Sacrum - (fused) 5

Coccyx - (fused) 4

What is Mechanism of Injury?

The forces/factors that cause a traumatic injury

Using the blank diagram and the list of words, indicate where they are

Using the blank diagram and the list of words, indicate where they are

See photo (Look at red ink as applicable and only those with a numbered box with the exception of the ischium)

Using the blank diagram and the list of words, indicate where they are

See photo (Note the numbers in parenthesis that note how many parts there are in total, with the exception of the Ethmoid which has one)

What quadrant(s) is the liver in?

URQ & ULQ

What quadrant(s) is the gallbladder in?

URQ

What quadrant(s) is the bile duct in?

URQ

What quadrant(s) are the kidneys in?

URQ & ULQ

What quadrant(s) is the colon in?

Everywhere

What quadrant(s) is the small intestine in?

everywhere

What quadrant(s) is the pancreas in?

URQ

What quadrant(s) is the appendix in?

LRQ

What quadrant(s) is the uterus in?

LRQ & LLQ

What quadrant(s) is the bladder in?

LRQ & LLQ

What quadrant(s) are the ovaries in?

LRQ & LLQ

What quadrant(s) is the rectum in?

LRQ & LLQ

What quadrant(s) is the anus in?

LRQ & LLQ

What quadrant(s) is the spleen in?

ULQ

What quadrant(s) is the stomach in?

ULQ

What quadrant(s) is the diaphragm in?

URQ & ULQ

What us considered in the center of all of the quadrants and serves to divide the abdomen into four quadrantsq

the umbilicus (the belly button)