Protestant Reformation - Euro Unit 3

Influences from the Renaissance

Printing press (created Bibles), ideals such as (mysticim and humanism)

Babylonian Captivity

1309 - 1377 A period of time when the Papcy was based in Avingon. Damaged the prestige of the papcy and lead to the Wester Schism.

Pope Leo X

1513 - 1521 Patron of the arts and supported civic engagement. He was cast in a bad light becuase those aren't the jobs of the pope.

John Tetzel

1465 - 1519 A German frier who worked for the Church. He had an undulgence campaign in 1517 to raise money for the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Extremely unpopular.

Indulgences

People like John Tetzel sold indulgences to reduce family member's time in pergatory.

John Wycliffe

1330 - 1384 Challenged the Church. The Plague and the Babylonian Captivity happened in his lifetime, so he was extremely critical of the Church. Critisized temporal positions like land and money. Renounced transubstantiation, meaning he did not believe that bread and wine became the actual body and blood of Christ during the Eucharist.

Jan Hus

1369 - 1415 Inspired by Wycliffe, he questioned ecclesiastical authority. He encouraged violence, so the Council of Constance saw to it that he was burned at the stake.

Witch Hunts

They began to pick up during the Protestant Reformation because Protestants and Catholics would accuse each other. Particularly concentrated in Souther Germany because the there were a lot of Protestants.

The Malleus Maleficarum

1486 - By Heinrich Kramer. Is a huge slander against women and against witches. He says that public speakers against witches, church goers, and those blessed by saints can't be witches. Not very credible becuase he is all of these things.

Daemonologie

1597 - By King James VI and I. Says that women are more vulnerable because of Eve's original sin.

Iconoclasm

Destroying sacred idols because of a stricter interpreation of the Bible, and to assert power over the church

Maritn Luther's central belief

Salvation alvation comes through faith in Jesus Christ alone. Also the core belief for many other sects of Protestantism.

Catholic reformation

The attempts from the Catholic church to convert everyone back to Catholicism from Protestantism. Lead by the church and groups like the Jesuits under Ignatius Loyola.

Baroque Art

Very emotional and dramatic, often of a religion scene. The Church wanted to show the people the power of Catholicism.

John Calvin

Emphasized predestination, founded Calvanism. Also influened Presbyterianism and Puritanism. He made Geneva a model Protestant city and advocated for a strict way of life.

Council of Trent

1545 - 1563 A major Catholic gathering to reaffirm the Catholic docteirne and further the Catholic Reformation. They implemented more reforms against corruption which were pretty sucessful.

Lutheranism

Faith alone is enough for salvation. Services must be done in vernacular. Baptism and communion are the sacrments, clergy are encouraged to marry.

King Henry VIII's role in the reformation

Took England away from Catholicism. Created the Church of England because the pope wouldn’t annull his marraige. Made the monarch the head of the church. Sacrements were baptism, communion, and penance (later removed). Similar values to Luther.

Unam Sanctam

A papal bull issued by Pope Boniface VIII in 1302 that decreed that the pope has supreme authority over the land, including kings. This was during a conflict with King Phillip IV of France.