Botany Lab (Finals)

Parts of the Flower

Parts of the Flower

1. Stigma

2. Style

3. Ovary

4. Pistil

5. Ovules

6. Pollen grain

7. Anther

8. Filament

9. Stamen

10. Receptacle

11. Peduncle

12. Petal

13. Sepal

Parts of the Seeds

1. TESTA (SEED COAT)

2. HILUM

3. MICROPYLE

4. EPICOTYL

5. HYPOCOTYL

6. RADICLE

7. HILUM

8. COTYLEDON

9. SEED COAT

Avocado

1. Berry

2. Exocarp

3. Mesocarp

4. Endocarp

Cucumber

1. Pepo

2. Exocarp

3. Mesocarp

4. Endocarp

Apple

1. Pome

2. Exocarp

3. Mesocarp

4. Endocarp

Leaf Shape

Ovate

• An Ovate leaf is described as being broadest below the middle, and roughly 2x as long as it is wide.

• "egg-shaped”

Leaf Shape

Obovate

• An Obovate leaf is described as being broadest above the middle, and roughly 2x as long as it is wide.

• the reverse of Ovate

Leaf Shape

Lanceolate

• A Lanceolate leaf is at least 3x longer than wide, and broadest below middle.

Leaf Shape

Oblanceolate

• Oblanceolate leaves are at least 3x longer than wide, but broadest above middle.

• the reverse of a Lanceolate leaf

Leaf Shape

Cordate

• Leaves that are Cordate-shaped have leaves that are broad to the point and then turn upwards at the base, forming a notch.

• "heart-shaped"

Leaf Shape

Obcordate

• Obcordate leaves are the reverse of Cordate leaves. They start at a point and then widen until they form a notch at the apex.

Leaf Shape

Elliptical

• Elliptical leaves have the broadest width in the middle and then taper off at the ends.

• "football-shaped"

Leaf Shape

Oblong

• Oblong leaves are 2-3x as long as wide and have parallel sides.

Leaf Shape

Cuneate

• Cuneate leaves have a small width at base, but then a broad width near the top before the apex.

• "wedge-shaped"

Leaf Shape

Linear

• Linear leaves are narrow, are at least 4x longer than wide, and have the same width throughout.

Leaf Shape

Peltate

• Peltate leaves are rounded with the petiole attached underneath the base of the leaf.

• Peltate leaves are shaped like little shields

Leaf Shape

Spatulate

• Spatulate leaves are narrow for almost the entire leaf, but then have an abrupt round structure at the apex.

• Spatulate leaves have a similar shape to a spatula.

Leaf Shape

Reniform

• Reniform leaves are broad and wider than they are high.

• Reniform leaves are shaped like kidneys.

Leaf Shape

Hastate

• Hastate leaves are very recognizable. They are taper off at three apexes and are arrowhead-shaped.

Leaf margin

Entire

• When it is even and smooths

Leaf margin

Sinuate or wavy

• With slight undulations

Leaf margin

Crenate

• When the teeth are round as in digitalis.

Leaf margin

Dentate

• Toothed margin, teeth directing outwards

Leaf margin

Serrate

• When it is like the teeth of the saw

Leaf margin

Ciliated

• It is fringed with hairs.

Leaf margin

Biserrate

• Lobed serrate margin.

Leaf margin

Bicrenate

• Lobed crenate margin.

Leaf apices

Obtuse

• Rounded tip

Leaf apices

Acute

• When it is pointed to form acute angle, but not stiff

Leaf apices

Acuminate

• Pointed tip with much elongation

Leaf apices

Recurved

• When the apex is curved backward.

Leaf apices

Cuspidate

• With spiny tip

Leaf apices

Mucronate

• Rounded apex ending abruptly in a short point

Leaf apices

Retuse

• Broad tip with slight notch

Leaf apices

Emarginate

• When tip is deeply notched

Leaf apices

Tendrillar

• Tip forming a tendril

Leaf bases

Symmetrical

Leaf bases

Asymmetrical

Leaf bases

Decurrent

Leaf bases

Cordate

1. Inflorescence

2. Name of Flower

3. Scientific Name of Flower

1. Head

2. Common Sunflower

3. Helianthus annuus

1. Inflorescence

2. Name of Flower

3. Scientific Name of Flower

1. Umbel

2. Water pennywort

3. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides

1. Inflorescence

2. Name of Flower

3. Scientific Name of Flower

1. Raceme

2. Fireweed

3. Epilobium angustifolium

1. Inflorescence

2. Name of Flower

3. Scientific Name of Flower

1. Spike

2. Elephant-heads

3. Pedicularis groenlandica

1. Inflorescence

2. Name of Flower

3. Scientific Name of Flower

1. Panicle

2. False spike-nard

3. Smilacina racemosa

1. Inflorescence

2. Name of Flower

3. Scientific Name of Flower

1. Corymb

2. Common tansy

3. Tanacetum vulgare

1. Fruit Name

2. Fruit Scientific Name

3. Fruit type

1. Tomato

2. Lycopersicon lycopersicum

3. True Berry- Berry- simple, fleshy fruit

1. Fruit Name

2. Fruit Scientific Name

3. Fruit type

1. Peach

2. Prunus persica

3. Drupe- simple, fleshy fruit

1. Fruit Name

2. Fruit Scientific Name

3. Fruit type

1. Milkweed

2. Asclepias syriaca

3. Follicle- Dehiscent fruit**-** simple, dry fruit

1. Fruit Name

2. Fruit Scientific Name

3. Fruit type

1. Green bean

2. Phaseolus vulgaris

3. Legume- Dehiscent fruit- simple, dry fruit

1. Fruit Name

2. Fruit Scientific Name

3. Fruit type

1. Iris

2. Iris

3. Capsule- Dehiscent fruit- simple, dry fruit

1. Fruit Name

2. Fruit Scientific Name

3. Fruit type

1. Wheat

2. Triticum

3. Caryopsis- Indehiscent Fruit**-** simple, dry fruit

1. Fruit Name

2. Fruit Scientific Name

3. Fruit type

1. Sunflower

2. Helianthus annuus

3. Achene- Indehiscent Fruit- simple, dry fruit

1. Fruit Name

2. Fruit Scientific Name

3. Fruit type

1. Oak

2. Quercus

3. Nut- Indehiscent Fruit- simple, dry fruit

1. Fruit Name

2. Fruit Scientific Name

3. Fruit type

1. Blackberry

2. Rubus

3. Aggregate fruit

1. Fruit Name

2. Fruit Scientific Name

3. Fruit type

1. Mulberry

2. Morus

3. Multiple fruit

1. Fruit Name

2. Fruit Scientific Name

3. Fruit type

1. Apple

2. Malus sylvestris

3. Accessory fruit

Parts of Seed

1. Cotyledon

2. Foliage leaf

3. Plumule

4. Hypocotyl

5. Radicle

1. Palisade mesophyll

2. Vein (vascular bundle)

3. Spongy mesophyll

4. Stoma

5. Cuticle

6. Upper epidermis

7. Bundle sheath

8. Xylem

9. Phloem

10. Air space in spongy mesophyll

11. Lower epidermis

12. Guard cells

13. Stoma

1. Midvein

2. Upper epidermis

3. Palisade mesophyll

4. Lengthwise view of vein

5. Spongy mesophyll

6. Air space

7. Lower epidermis

8. Phloem

9. Xylem

10. Stoma

1. Parallel vein

2. Midvein

3. Bundle sheath cells

4. Mesophyll

5. Upper epidermis

6. Lower epidermis

7. Xylem

8. Phloem

1. Upper epidermis

2. Bundle sheath extension

3. Bundle sheath

4. Midvein

5. Bundle sheath extension

6. Lower epidermis

Leaf anatomy

1. guard cells

2. stoma

3. epidermis

4. palisade mesophyll

5. spongy mesophyll

6. moist air space

7. vein

1. Name of Plant

2. Scientific Name

3. Leaf Modification

1. Maple

2. Acer

3. Bud Scale (protect buds)

1. Name of Plant

2. Scientific Name

3. Leaf Modification

1. barrel cactus

2. Ferrocactus

3. Spine (modified for protection)

1. Name of Plant

2. Scientific Name

3. Leaf Modification

1. poinsettia

2. Euphorbia pulcherrima

3. Bract

1. Name of Plant

2. Scientific Name

3. Leaf Modification

1. sweet pea

2. Lathyrus odoratus

3. Tendril (modified leaves that aid in climbing)

1. Name of Plant

2. Scientific Name

3. Leaf Modification

1. onion

2. Allium cepa

3. Bulb (leaves are fleshy for storage of food materials and water.

1. Name of Plant

2. Scientific Name

3. Leaf Modification

1. Stone plants

2. Lithops karasmontana

3. they have thick, succulent leaves modified for water storage as well as photosynthesis)

1. Name of Plant

2. Scientific Name

3. Leaf Modification

1. flowerpot plant

2. Dischidia rafflesiana

3. Epiphytes (leaves are modified to hold water and organic material)

1. Name of Plant

2. Scientific Name

3. Leaf Modification

1. pitcher plant

2. Sarracenia purpurea

3. Carnivorous Plants (leaves modified to form a pitcher)

1. Name of Plant

2. Scientific Name

3. Leaf Modification

1. Venus flytrap

2. Dionaea muscipula

3. Carnivorous Plants (Hairs on the leaf surface detect the touch of an insect, and the leaf responds by folding)

1. seed coat

2. plumule

3. hypocotyl-radicle axis

4. micropyle

5. hilum

6. cotyledon

TYPICAL LEAF

1. Blade

2. Veins

3. Petiole

4. Stipules

5. Axillary bud

6. Stem

PARTS OF THE LEAF

1. Tip

2. Blade

3. Base

4. Petiole (leaf stalk)

5. Stipules

6. Lateral vein

7. Margin

8. Midrib

9. Bud

1. Guard cells of sunken stoma

2. Epidermis and cuticle

3. Resin duct

4. Endodermis

5. Xylem

6. Phloem

7. Vascular bundle

8. Mesophyll cell (photosynthetic parenchyma cell)