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Soil Degradation
Change in soil health that impairs the soil's ability to provide key ecosystem services.
Ecosystem Services
The benefits that humans derive from functioning ecosystems, including clean water, soil health, and biodiversity.
Vegetative Cover
Plants that protect the soil surface and contribute to soil stability and health.
Desertification
Extreme form of land degradation that occurs in arid and semi-arid areas, leading to the deterioration of fertile arable land.
Anthrosol
Soils with long and intensive agricultural use and organic matter enrichment, particularly from human activities.
Technosol
Soils that are influenced significantly by human activity, containing substantial amounts of man-made artifacts.
Salinization
The accumulation of water-soluble salts in the soil, often through processes like evapo-concentration.
Sodification
The accumulation of sodium salts in the soil, which can negatively affect soil structure and fertility.
Compaction
The process by which soil is densified, reducing porosity and drainage, usually due to human activity.
No-till Farming
A conservation technique in which crops are planted directly into the soil residue from previous crops, minimizing soil disturbance.
Monocropping
The agricultural practice of growing a single crop species over a wide area for multiple seasons.
Cover Crops
Crops planted primarily to manage soil erosion, soil fertility, and to provide ground cover during the off-season.
Glyphosate
A broad-spectrum herbicide widely used for crop production that affects plants' ability to produce certain amino acids.
Soil Remediation
The process of removing or neutralizing contaminants in soil to restore it to a safe condition.
Soil Salinity
The presence of high concentrations of soluble salts in soil, which can negatively impact plant growth.
Urbanization
The increasing population shift from rural to urban areas, leading to changes in land use and impacts on soil health.
Organic Matter (OM)
The component of soil that consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, essential for soil health.