Soil degradation and restoration

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17 Terms

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Soil Degradation

Change in soil health that impairs the soil's ability to provide key ecosystem services.

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Ecosystem Services

The benefits that humans derive from functioning ecosystems, including clean water, soil health, and biodiversity.

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Vegetative Cover

Plants that protect the soil surface and contribute to soil stability and health.

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Desertification

Extreme form of land degradation that occurs in arid and semi-arid areas, leading to the deterioration of fertile arable land.

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Anthrosol

Soils with long and intensive agricultural use and organic matter enrichment, particularly from human activities.

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Technosol

Soils that are influenced significantly by human activity, containing substantial amounts of man-made artifacts.

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Salinization

The accumulation of water-soluble salts in the soil, often through processes like evapo-concentration.

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Sodification

The accumulation of sodium salts in the soil, which can negatively affect soil structure and fertility.

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Compaction

The process by which soil is densified, reducing porosity and drainage, usually due to human activity.

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No-till Farming

A conservation technique in which crops are planted directly into the soil residue from previous crops, minimizing soil disturbance.

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Monocropping

The agricultural practice of growing a single crop species over a wide area for multiple seasons.

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Cover Crops

Crops planted primarily to manage soil erosion, soil fertility, and to provide ground cover during the off-season.

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Glyphosate

A broad-spectrum herbicide widely used for crop production that affects plants' ability to produce certain amino acids.

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Soil Remediation

The process of removing or neutralizing contaminants in soil to restore it to a safe condition.

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Soil Salinity

The presence of high concentrations of soluble salts in soil, which can negatively impact plant growth.

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Urbanization

The increasing population shift from rural to urban areas, leading to changes in land use and impacts on soil health.

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Organic Matter (OM)

The component of soil that consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, essential for soil health.