Recent American History Exam 2

Four cardinal virtues

Talents, skills, and virtues that the ideal woman would have.
1. piety
2. domesticity
3. chastity
4. submissive

Mary Wollstoncraft

The first feminist; she grew up in an abusive home in England in the 18th century. She left as soon as she could and found herself wanting the opposite of her childhood home. Falls in love with a woman, Fanny Blood, but the relationship fails quickly because they weren't accepted by society. Meets another lesbian couple in Whales. Goes to a part of London that accepted her and met Richard Price who told her to keep a diary that would later be published.

Eleanor Ponsonby and Sarah Butler

A lesbian couple that Mary Wollstoncraft met, they believed they were married but they weren't.

Richard Price

A Unitarian minister that "counseled" Mary Wollstoncraft by telling her to write the diary "Mary"

"Mary"

The diary written and published that focused on social issues that oppress society like the government's lack of opportunities and protection given to women, the church and how women must be submissive, marriage and being a man's possession and being in moral jeopardy and being expected to have children.

"A Vindication of the Rights of Women"

Written by Mary Wollstoncraft, targets the issue and idea that women are only here to please men. Everyone was horrified by this very public display of issues.

William Godwin

The First anarchist, saying that government is bad. Mary Wollstoncraft marries him and has a child, but dies in the process of having the second child.

Mary Shelley

Daughter of Mary Wollstoncraft; writes Frankenstein

Seneca Falls Convention

Takes place in 1837 and called by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. This is when feminism hits America. Stanton calls for women to get together to be unified on the goals of the movement. The first goal was suffrage, but was split down the middle on if it should be. Fredrick Douglass was the deciding vote FOR it.

Fredrick Douglass

A black slavery abolitionist that casted the deciding vote at the Seneca Falls convention

Oberlin

The first co-ed college

First four women's colleges

1. Vassar
2. Brynmawe
3. Wellesley
4. Smith

"The Lily"

Newspaper written and edited by Amelia Bloomer. It intended to convince others that providing opportunities for women would be a good thing.

What is Amelia Bloomer known for?

Bloomers- the first pants, it allowed for women to do the same things men could do

Jeanette Rankin

First women elected into Congress in 1916. Doesn't have much power because she didn't have the right to vote yet.

Niota, TN

The 19th amendment was based of one guy who had the last vote

19th amendment

passed in 1919, suffrage

theodore roosevelt's young life

From NY, part of a wealthy family. Bullied as a kid, so worked out a lot and became good at boxing. Went to Law school and met Alice. They got married and took a honeymoon to the Alps, he got into an argument with a mountaineer and is forced to climb a mountain. After their honeymoon, Alice passes away and he goes out to North Dakota to get away from things that remind him of her. He later goes back home and then throws himself into politics and becomes a Police commissioner.

"That damned cowboy"

People called TR this in politics in the Republican Party

William McKinley

Elected in 1896, inaugurated in 1897. Doesn't make a big mark on US. Deals with the Spanish-American war, but there are very few casualties.

"Editha"

A short story about the euphoria that sweeps the nation as a result of the Spanish-American war

William Randolph Hearst vs Joseph Pulitzer

A battle within the Newspapers, they fictionalize the war. Hired a guy to take the pictures, but they wanted to provide the "war." This began the term Yellow Journalism, meaning fake news.

yellow journalism

fake news

TR enlists

In the Spanish-American War, TR is given command of the rough riders at the Charge of Sanjuan Hill, otherwise known as the "steep hill" that wasn't very steep. When he gets back, everyone raves over him thanks to yellow journalism that gave him a good reputation as a hero.

McKinley gets shot

goes to upstate NY after reelection and is shot twice by Leon Czolgosz. The bullets weren't his downfall, but the infection that came as a result instead.

Leon Czolgosz

The man that shot McKinley; his is tried and denies everything. Sentenced to death after being labeled clinically insane.

Roosevelt gets placed in presidency

first meeting, calls for the Square deal.

Roosevelt is known for:

1. The "Trust Buster"
2. Northern Securities Corporation
3. Foreign Policy
4. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
5. Environmentalism

Northern securities corporation

Said that railroad monopoly is a violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust act and must be destroyed. Brought about the Rule of reason

Rule of Reason

only in the cases in which it is unreasonable restraint of trade could the Sherman Anti-Trust Act stop the monopoly.
- problem of definition of unreasonable

Panama Canal

encouraged trade and redefined the world; Roosevelt bought it out and built it

Great White Fleet

Represented the end designs in the building the ships and methods of powering them. They took them on a world voyage and stopped at every major port as a "goodwill mission"

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

A redefinition of the Monroe Doctrine that said that they understand that the loans should be paid in the foreign affairs and promised to make sure that they got paid. They then took an aggressive stance by taking over the governments of those small countries.

monroe doctrine

Written in 1823, an American foreign policy opposing interference in the western hemisphere from outside powers

Sphere of interest

A warning to stay out of the western hemisphere and that it would be reciprocated. no trade

Conservatism

an orientation on nature, saying to use the resources responsibly because you could get many benefits from it.

Preservationism

an orientation on nature, saying just don't touch it. you can't truly replace it.

Lake District

Birthplace of Romanticism; prettiest place on Earth.

romanticism

a movement in literature and art during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that celebrated nature rather than civilization

William Wordsworth

From Lake District. Mother died at young age and moved to Cockermouth. Moved to Cambridge and had one friend, Coleridge. He goes to France during revolution and writes about it. Meets Anette Vallon there. Goes back to Grasmere and lives in Dove cottage for 7 years while he writes poetry. Moves to Rydal and is named poet laureate, but never writes a poem

Anette Vallon

Wordsworth's love

Grasmere

Where Dove Cottage is and where wordsworth lives for 7 years.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Wordsworth's best friend. collaborates with him on "The Lyrical Ballads". Friendship falls apart because Coleridge is addicted to opioids.

Transcendentalism

any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Wrote "Nature" in 1836. Kicked out of being a Unitarian Minister because he wrote about nature and said you could experience God more in nature than in a church building.

Henry David Thoreau

Write "Walden"; had strong opinions on the Mexican war and said US provoked it. He wouldn't pay taxes that he knew went towards the war- went to jail for this and wrote "Civil Disobedience" while he sat there

"Civil Disobedience"

written by Henry David Thoreau while sitting in jail.

John Muir

Has 52 places named after him. From Edinburg, Scotland, moved to the Great Lakes as a kid where his Father evangelized the Indians. He went on a road trip to the Yosemite Valley in California and saw how faith related to nature and dedicates his life to protecting God's creation. Lives in the Yosemite, but journeys around to advocate for nature. Tries to save the valley and the red woods.

Yellowstone National Park

First national park in the US, they took the steps to protect its beauty. Originally was going to be sold to a businessman who would turn Old Faithful into a gambling place, but that looks bad on the US, so they create the National Park Service that would have park rangers and laws to protect the environment there.

Sierra Club

Organization that sought to protect the Yosemite Valley. They brought paintings by Albert Bierstadt, specifically Rocky Mountain School, to show the beauty in nature.

Albert Bierstadt

Artist that made the Rocky Mountain School painting. Pioneered the operatic style.

Forest Reserve Act

47 million acres are saved and preserved and designated to national forests

Forest Management Act

The secretary has the right to designate access and use of all forest resources.

James Watt

Man that wanted to dam the Grand Canyon and make it a reservoir.

TR becomes president

in 1901. He was an environmentalist and founded the Boon and Crockett club to encourage people to use the environment and produce more opportunity to do so.
Dedicated 125 million acres of land to the national forest.

Antiquities Act 1906

Preserved natural monuments

Predator Kill Program

Made sure that there were no more animals to hunt in the wild by paying hunters to hunt for pelts of wolves, bears, mountain lions, and coyotes to eradicate the predators/4 species of animals.

Aldo Leopold

One of the hired government hunters that was sent to New Mexico and wrote the "Sand County Almanac" where he tells the government to suspend the program.

Izaak Walton League

Sold the idea that outdoors are important

The American Game protective association

Began a national campaign and lobbied congress to make opportunities for hunters

Winchester Firearm Cooperation

If more people hunt, they can make more money from guns

William Howard Taft

Secretary of State to TR, he decided that he would try to take the Presidency. He was very limited in social affairs, but was very good in militarism. He promised TR that is he was supported, he would continue what TR started. When he wins, people don't think he can be trusted.

Tariff

tax on imported goods

Payne-Alderidge Tariff

Tariff revenue provides income for federal government to work with; this is a violation of everything he told TR he would do.

Gifford Pinchot

Chief forester of the US

Richard Ballinger

Pinchot's boss and become Taft's new secretary of state. He allows access to the public domain in Alaska to a coal mining company, Morgan-Guggenheim Syndicate

Pinchot-Ballenger dispute

Pinchot is fired by Taft after saying that Ballinger wasn't competent. Then they go to Africa and find TR to tell him to go back to the US and fix everything that Taft is ruining. Taft tells US that he is inviting TR over for dinner to make him look good, but TR goes to Pinchot's for dinner instead to show that he doesn't support Taft. This causes a breach in the Republican party.

Bull Moose Party

Formed by TR so that he can run for presidency in replacement of the place he had in the Republican Party.

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson's campaign platform as a part of the democratic party. Rests on supporitng Free enterprise and small businesses

Eugene Debs

delegate of the American Socialist party during the election of 1912. Attacks everyone

Cordell Hull "Rider"

Man that proposed for a graduated income structure

16th amendment

graduated income tax

Underwood Tariff

reduc4ed taxes on goods, off setting the Payne-Aldridge Tariff

Keating-Owen Act

First child labor law; prohibited the interstate transport of goods made by children

The Fundamentals

Essays published to say America had fallen away from righteousness. Interpreted Scriptures narrowly and didn't tolerate other interpretations. Against Prostitution, but only concerned with the health of white prostitutes. Against drinking alcohol

Syphilis of the innocent

Men would sleep with prostitutes and then with their wives (innocent), giving them the STD.

Procurers

Men who kidnapped women and forced them into prostitution

Mann Act

Prohibited the in-state transportation of women for immoral purposes

Webb-Kenyon Act

prohibited the inner-state transport of liquor into dry areas. It still left the decision up to each community to decide whether they wanted to have alcohol or not. It did not prohibit its use.

Volstead Act

Bill passed by Congress to enforce the language of the 18th Amendment. Defined Intoxicant as anything .5-1% alcohol content or more

Internal Revenue Service

The branch of the U.S. Treasury Department in charge of collecting taxes. They were responsible for busting illegal activity against prohibition.

Al Capone

A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs. Had 1000 men working for him, making it impossible for IRS to bust them

Speakeasy

A place where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during prohibition. A new modern culture came from here because of the young people there. Women smoked without judgement and relationships became more dating style than courting. Dressing for male attention came from this and therefore Flapper dresses were invented.