Sets/Probability

real number

fraction or decimal

rational numbers

ratio; decimals that terminate or repeat.

Integers

negative and positive numbers (no decimals or fractions)

Whole numbers

0-100…

Natural numbers

counting numbers; 1,2,3,4,5….

Irrational numbers

cannot be shown as ratio; decimals don’t terminate; don’t show repeating pattern; (ex. π, √2)

Interval notation

Interval Notation is a way of expressing a subset of real numbers by the numbers that bound them (ex. (3, 9\] \[5, 9)) Where () are not included in the set and \[\] are included.

What does U stand for?

Universal set

What does ∪ stand for?

Union

What does ∩ stand for?

intersection

What does ‘ stand for?

NOT complement

What does Ø or {} stand for?

null set, w/o anythgng

What does ⊆ stand for?

subset

What does cardinal mean?

How many elements are in a set. (ex. {1,3,4,5,7} the cardinal is 5)

What does outcome mean?

Outcome is a result of a random experiment

What does event mean?

Event is a set of outcomes of an experiment

What does experimental mean?

An estimate of the likelihood that an event will occur based on gathered data from an experiment

What does theoretical mean?

An ‘expected’ probability based on knowledge of the situation.

What is the difference between theoretical and experimental?

The difference is theoretical is what __should__ happen and experimental is what __actually__ happened.

What is sample space?

The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment.

What is a random experiment?

A random experiment is a process by which we observe something uncertain.

What is a mutually exclusive event?

Events that cannot happen at the same time. They have nothing in common.

What does AND mean?

multiply

What does OR mean?

add

What are complementary events

The P you either get something or don’t (ex. 3H or __not__ 3H).

Complementary events should = to 1.

How do you find the probability of two outcomes or events?

the fraction of a __multiplied__ by the fraction of b.